G&D chapter 7 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
The growth rate of the toddler is | slow and steady |
Toddler age | 1 to 3 |
Toddlers grow an average of | 3 inches per year |
Toddlers gain an average of | 4-6 pounds per year |
2 year old appearance | potbellied, with exaggerated lumbar curve known as lordosis |
3 year old appearance | taller, slender and stronger abdomen muscles |
How many teeth can a 2 ½ year old have | 20 |
Teeth care for 2 ½ year old | should brush teeth twice a day under parental supervision |
bone fracture in which the bone is angulated beyond the limits of normal bending | greenstick fracture |
when large objects are placed at a distance of 6 feet, a toddler’s vision may be | 20/40 |
amblyopia | lazy eye, untreated can lead to blindness |
Strabismus | crossing of the eyes, if persistent seek medical attention |
Hearing in the toddler is | fully developed |
What connects the middle ear to the oral pharynx? | eustachian tube |
How does the Eustachian tube differ in toddlers vs adults? | shorter and wider, causes more frequent ear infections |
Normal vital signs in the toddler | T:98-99; HR:90-120; R:20-30; BP:99/64 |
What do gross motor skills depend on? | growth and maturation of the muscles, bones, and nerves |
What gross motor skills can a two year old do? | climb stairs alone using two feet on each step, run with a wide stance and kick a large ball |
By when is right or left hand dominance evident | 15 months |
What is included in fine motor skills? | self-feeding, dressing and playing (can hold a crayon with fingers instead of fist) |
Toilet training depends on | a certain degree of maturity in the muscles including sphincter control and maturation |
Toddler learns what first in elimination needs? | bowel control before bladder control |
If accidents happen in elimination what should you do? | use matter of fact attitude without punishment to help build self esteem |
Autonomy and the toddler | major psychosocial task of the toddler according to Erickson's theory |
What do toddlers often develop as they learn independence? | conflicting emotions of ambivalence |
Why do toddlers need discipline? | toddlers do not have enough information to understand right and wrong behavior |
How to discipline toddler? | use a simple no followed by diversion, be constant and reinforce limitations |
What to do with a temper tantrum | insure safety of child and leave room. Also use time outs. |
How to do a time out | child is removed from the center of activity to a quiet place, use immediately and only for a few minutes, then talk about the events of the conflict |
How to deal with separation anxiety in toddlers | be honest about leaving child and say when you will come back |
How can you detect sibling rivalry and what to do | may see angry outbursts or regression, plan time alone with the child |
Object permanence refers to | the understanding that things will not disappear even if they cannot be seen |
Cognitive development in the toddler | continues to develop by trial and error, responds to the total situation rather than to a part. |
Toddler worldview | egocentric |
Toddler and time | toddler cannot understand it, avoid use of words tomorrow or yesterday, use a familiar event to relate to time |
Toddler and morality | moral values based on their parents’ moral codes, parents teach children right and wrong |
What reinforces moral decisions? | repeated instructions and consistency |
Eating habits influenced by | parents and siblings |
Toddler calorie needs | 1300 calories a day |
Toddler preferances | plain foods instead of mixtures |
Toddlers and meals | will develop ritualistic behavior in relation to eating |
Meal planning | plan same meal times and three small meals with snacks |
What can refusal to eat be | attention seeking behavior, it is best to ignore |
Bedtime | should become a ritual |
Factors that can produce sleep disturbance | fear of separation, illness, curiosity |
Toddlers and play time | major means to explore and understand the world around them |
Nonsymbolic play | demonstrated when the child squeezes a small ball |
Symbolic play | the emergence of make believe or pretend |
What ages most often engage in symbolic play | between ages 2- 4 |
What does symbolic play help with | explore different possibilities, control aggression and pretend |
Most toddlers prefer what type of play | parallel play |
Leading cause of death in toddlers | accidents |
Toddlers and recognition of danger | incapable of recognizing danger or threat to their safety; need constant supervision |
Death ranking | burns rank 2nd to MV accidents |
Other concerns in toddler safety | choking and drowning |
Regular physical exams at what ages | 18, 24, and 36 months |
Signs of physical abuse | bruises, welts, multiple fractures at different stages of healing, lacerations or tears, cigarette or immersion burns, head injuries |
Signs of sexual abuse | swollen, blackened eyes, difficulty walking or sitting, bruises or bleeding from genitalia, recurrent UTI’s |
Psychological/affective abuse | excessive anger, aggression, poor peer relationships, negativism, loss of pleasure, low self-esteem, lack of trust, developmental delays, withdrawn behavior, regression |
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