Chpt_8_Cell_Repro Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| Chromosome | Rod-shaped structures made of DNA and proteins |
| Histones | Proteins that help maintain the shape of the chromosome and aid in the tight packing of DNA |
| Chromatid | Half of a chromosome |
| Centromere | The attachment point for two chromatid |
| Chromatin | Less tightly coiled DNA-protein complex found before cell division |
| Sex chromosomes | Chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism; may also carry genes for other characteristics |
| Autosomes | Chromosomes in an organism other than sex chromosomes |
| Homologous Chromosomes | Chromosomes that are the same size and shape and carry genes for the same traits; one copy is received from each of the parents |
| Karyotypes | Photomicrograph of chromosomes found in a dividing cell found in a human |
| Diploid | Cells having two sets of chromosomes |
| Haploid | Cells having only one set of chromosomes |
| Binary Fission | Division of a prokaryotic cell into two offspring cells |
| Mitosis | A process of cell division which results in new cells with genetic material that is identical to the genetic material of the original cell |
| Asexual reproduction | The production of offspring from one parent |
| Meiosis | The process of cell division which reduces the chromosome number by half in new cells |
| Gametes | Haploid reproductive cells |
| Interphase | Time between cell divisions |
| Cytokinesis | Division of a cell's cytoplasm |
| Prophase | First phase of mitosis |
| Spindle fibers | Made of microtubules that radiate from the centrosomes in preparation for metaphase |
| Metaphase | Second phase of mitosis; where chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell |
| Anaphase | Third stage of mitosis; where chromatids begin to separate and travel to opposite ends of the dividing cell |
| Telophase | Fourth step of mitosis; where chromosomes reach the opposite sides of the dividing cell |
| Cell plate | Formed from vesicles from the Golgi apparatus, help to form a new cell wall for dividing plant cells |
| Synapsis | Pairing of homologous chromosomes, occurs only in meiosis |
| Tetrad | Pairs of homologous chromosomes (4 chromatids) |
| Crossing-over | Where portions of chromatids may break off and attach to adjacent chromatids on homologous chromosomes |
| Genetic recombination | Results from the mixing of genetic information through crossing over |
| Independent assortment | Random separation of the homologous chromosome |
| Spermatogenesis | The production of sperm cells |
| Oogenesis | Production of mature egg cells, called ova |
| Polar bodies | Produced during meiosis in addition to one mature egg cell |
| Sexual reproduction | The production of offspring through meiosis and the union of a sperm and an egg |
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