Biology 11 Ch 4 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
adenine guanine cytosine thymine | the 4 nucleotides used to make DNA |
adenine guanine cytosine uracil | the 4 nucleotides used to make RNA |
amniocentesis | the medical procedure used to withdraw amniotic fluid containing fetal cells |
anaphase | centromeres split apart and sister chromatids separate from each other |
binary fission (of bacteria) | a form of asexual reproduction used by all prokaryotes |
cell plate | the structure that forms prior to cytokinesis in plants to separate the cytoplasm |
chorionic villus sampling (CVS) | the medical procedure used to withdraw cells from the chorion |
chromatin | uncondensed fibres of DNA in the cell nucleus |
cytokinesis | divide the cytoplasm |
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | a nucleic acid molecule that carries the genetic information in the cell and is capable of self replication. Made of two long chains joined together. |
daughter cell | a cell formed by either the division or budding of the original parent cell |
Down syndrome | the result of a chromosome disorder due to an extra chromosome |
double helix | the most common 3D structure for cellular DNA in which two nucleotide strands are anti-parallel |
egg (ovum) | the common name for a female gamete |
denucleated egg cell | an egg cell with the nucleus removed |
eukaryotic cell cycle | G1, S, G2, M, and cytokinesis |
furrow (a.k.a. cleavage furrow) | the indentation that begins the process of cytokinesis in animal cells |
G0 phase | resting phase of the cell cycle |
G1 phase | the phase that occurs prior to S phase in which a major period of growth often occurs |
G2 phase | the phase that occurs after S phase in which continued growth occurs |
gametogenesis | the process in which cells undergo meiosis to form gametes |
genetic diversity | the level of biodiversity which identifies the total number of genetic characterisitics in the genetic make-up of a species |
genetically modified organism (GMO) | an organism that has had the genetic sequence of its genome altered for a specific purpose |
independent assortment (of homologous chromosomes) | the process that creates gametes that carry different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes |
interphase | the phase between successive mitotic divisions |
metaphase | the phase in which spindle fibres guide the chromosomes to the equator or centre line of the cell |
microtubules | make up the spindle fibres and are hollow tube-like structures |
mitosis | division of the nucleus resulting in identical genetic material |
nitrogen bases in DNA & RNA | adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine, & uracil |
nucleic acid | the name of a substance present in living cells (include DNA & RNA), whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain |
nucleotide | the name of the molecule composed of a phosphate, nitrogen base & pentose sugar |
parent cell | the name of the original cell before cell division |
pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) | genetic testing that is done before the embryo is implanted in the uterus |
prenatal genetic testing | a variety of tests performed on a fetus that are based on testing for genetic abnormalities |
prophase | the phase in which the cells chromatic condense and the nuclear membrane breaks down |
ribonucleic acid | a long linear molecule made up of nucleotides found in the nucleus but mainly in the cytoplasm of a cell |
S phase (of cell cycle) | the phase in the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated |
semi-conservative (replication of DNA) | name given to the method of DNA replication in which each new double strand molecule contains one original strand |
somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) cloning | the technique used in both reproductive and therapeutic cloning in which the egg cells nucleus is removed and replaced with the nucleus of donor cell |
sperm | the common name for a male gamete |
spindle apparatus | this structure moves and organizes the chromosomes during mitosis and is made up of the spindle fibres and centrosome |
telophase | the phase in which the chromosomes have reached the opposite poles of the cell |
tetrad | a group or set of 4 chromosomes found in prophase I of meiosis |
transgenic organism | a genetically modified organism whose genetic material has been altered |
ultrasound | a non-invasive test using sound or other vibration for medical imaging |
X chromosome | one of the two sex chromosomes that both sexes possess |
Y chromosome | one of the two sex chromosomes that only the male possess (under normal circumstances) |
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marsenault
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