Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology 11 Ch 4
Genetic Processes: 4.1 - 4.3 (all other terms discussed)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| adenine guanine cytosine thymine | the 4 nucleotides used to make DNA |
| adenine guanine cytosine uracil | the 4 nucleotides used to make RNA |
| amniocentesis | the medical procedure used to withdraw amniotic fluid containing fetal cells |
| anaphase | centromeres split apart and sister chromatids separate from each other |
| binary fission (of bacteria) | a form of asexual reproduction used by all prokaryotes |
| cell plate | the structure that forms prior to cytokinesis in plants to separate the cytoplasm |
| chorionic villus sampling (CVS) | the medical procedure used to withdraw cells from the chorion |
| chromatin | uncondensed fibres of DNA in the cell nucleus |
| cytokinesis | divide the cytoplasm |
| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | a nucleic acid molecule that carries the genetic information in the cell and is capable of self replication. Made of two long chains joined together. |
| daughter cell | a cell formed by either the division or budding of the original parent cell |
| Down syndrome | the result of a chromosome disorder due to an extra chromosome |
| double helix | the most common 3D structure for cellular DNA in which two nucleotide strands are anti-parallel |
| egg (ovum) | the common name for a female gamete |
| denucleated egg cell | an egg cell with the nucleus removed |
| eukaryotic cell cycle | G1, S, G2, M, and cytokinesis |
| furrow (a.k.a. cleavage furrow) | the indentation that begins the process of cytokinesis in animal cells |
| G0 phase | resting phase of the cell cycle |
| G1 phase | the phase that occurs prior to S phase in which a major period of growth often occurs |
| G2 phase | the phase that occurs after S phase in which continued growth occurs |
| gametogenesis | the process in which cells undergo meiosis to form gametes |
| genetic diversity | the level of biodiversity which identifies the total number of genetic characterisitics in the genetic make-up of a species |
| genetically modified organism (GMO) | an organism that has had the genetic sequence of its genome altered for a specific purpose |
| independent assortment (of homologous chromosomes) | the process that creates gametes that carry different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes |
| interphase | the phase between successive mitotic divisions |
| metaphase | the phase in which spindle fibres guide the chromosomes to the equator or centre line of the cell |
| microtubules | make up the spindle fibres and are hollow tube-like structures |
| mitosis | division of the nucleus resulting in identical genetic material |
| nitrogen bases in DNA & RNA | adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine, & uracil |
| nucleic acid | the name of a substance present in living cells (include DNA & RNA), whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain |
| nucleotide | the name of the molecule composed of a phosphate, nitrogen base & pentose sugar |
| parent cell | the name of the original cell before cell division |
| pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) | genetic testing that is done before the embryo is implanted in the uterus |
| prenatal genetic testing | a variety of tests performed on a fetus that are based on testing for genetic abnormalities |
| prophase | the phase in which the cells chromatic condense and the nuclear membrane breaks down |
| ribonucleic acid | a long linear molecule made up of nucleotides found in the nucleus but mainly in the cytoplasm of a cell |
| S phase (of cell cycle) | the phase in the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated |
| semi-conservative (replication of DNA) | name given to the method of DNA replication in which each new double strand molecule contains one original strand |
| somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) cloning | the technique used in both reproductive and therapeutic cloning in which the egg cells nucleus is removed and replaced with the nucleus of donor cell |
| sperm | the common name for a male gamete |
| spindle apparatus | this structure moves and organizes the chromosomes during mitosis and is made up of the spindle fibres and centrosome |
| telophase | the phase in which the chromosomes have reached the opposite poles of the cell |
| tetrad | a group or set of 4 chromosomes found in prophase I of meiosis |
| transgenic organism | a genetically modified organism whose genetic material has been altered |
| ultrasound | a non-invasive test using sound or other vibration for medical imaging |
| X chromosome | one of the two sex chromosomes that both sexes possess |
| Y chromosome | one of the two sex chromosomes that only the male possess (under normal circumstances) |
Created by:
marsenault
Popular Biology sets