Chap. 54 Community E Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| Competitive exclusion principle | one species uses resources more efficiently than another, eventually replacing that species. |
| Ecological niche | The sum total of a species’ use of the biotic and abiotic resources in its environment. |
| Fundamental niche | The niche potentially occupied by a species; the conditions the organism would prefer. |
| Realized niche | the conditions the organism actually occupies, possibly as a result of competition with another species. |
| Cryptic coloration | Camouflage that makes a potential prey difficult to spot against its background; makes an animal difficult to see. |
| Aposematic coloration | allows the animal to look like it might be harmful because bright colors are often associated with harmful organisms. |
| Batesian mimicry | A type of mimicry in which a harmless species looks like a species that is poisonous or otherwise harmful to predators. |
| Relative abundance | The proportional abundance of different species in a community; how many of each species is present. |
| Species richness | The number of species in a biological community; a measure of how many different species are present. |
| Energetic hypothesis | The concept that the length of a food chain is limited by the inefficiency of energy transfer along the chain; that is, so much energy is lost with each transfer that the energy is quickly depleted. |
| Dynamic stability hypothesis | The concept that long food chains are less stable than short chains; and that small fluctuations at low levels are increasingly magnified with successive levels. |
| Dominant species | A species with substantially higher abundance or biomass than other species in a community. Dominant species exert a powerful control over the occurrence and distribution of other species; those species in a community that are the most abundant |
| Keystone species | A species that is not necessarily abundant in a community yet exerts strong control on community structure by the nature of its ecological role or niche; not the most abundant species but they play pivotal ecological roles. |
| Facilitators | Ecosystem “engineers” species that physically alter the structure of the community. |
| Community | The group of individuals of all species living and interacting in the same general area. |
| Uniform | A type of dispersion exhibited by animals as a result of antagonistic interactions. |
| Cohorts | Groups of individuals of the same age. |
| Rivet model | Describes the species of a community as being tightly connected in a ‘web of life’ and that one species will suffer without the other species. |
| Redundancy model | Says that one species has little effect on the others, and can easily be replaced by a different species. |
| Species diversity | Made up of species richness and relative abundance. |
| Intermediate disturbance hypothesis | This model suggests that moderate levels of disturbance can create conditions that foster greater species diversity than low or high levels of disturbance |
| Primary succession | Occurs in areas where soil has not yet formed or has been stripped away. |
| Secondary succession | Occurs when an existing community has been cleared by some community but the soil has been left intact. |
| Evapotranspiration | Consists of evaporation of water from soil and transpiration of water by plants. |
| Integrated hypothesis | Describes the community as a unit that functions as a whole, partly because of the observation that certain species of plants are consistently found together. |
| Individualistic hypothesis | Describes the community of plants as species that just happen to be in the same location because they have similar requirements. |
| Species interactions | Competition, Predation, Herbivory, Parasitism, Mutualism, and Commensalism. |
| Competition | (-/-) Occurs when individuals of different species compete for a resource that limits their growth and survival. |
| Predation | (+/-) Interaction in which one species, the predator, kills and eats the other, the prey. |
| Herbivory | (+/-) Interaction in which an organism eats parts of a plant or alga. |
| Parasitism | (+/-) Symbiotic interaction in which one organism, the parasite, derives its nourishment from another organism, the host, which is harmed in the process. |
| Mutualism | (+/+) Interspecific interaction that benefits both species. |
| Commensalism | : (+/0) Interaction between species that benefits one of the species but neither harms nor helps the other. |
| Mutualism: (+/+) Interspecific interaction that benefits both species. | |
| Commensalism: (+/0) Interaction between species that benefits one of the species but neither harms nor helps the other. |
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