Lonestar Pharmacolog Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
What is Chronotropy? | Heart Rate |
What is Inotropy? | Contractility (Stroke Volume) |
What is Dromotropy? | Speed of Conduction |
What is Positive Chronotropy? | Increase in the Rate of impulse generation at the SA node. |
What is Positive Inotropy? | Increased contractility (Increased Stroke Volume) |
What is Positive Dromotrope? | Slowing conductivity through the AV node. |
What is Negative Inotrope? | Decreased contractility (Decreased Stroke Volume) |
What is Negative Chronotrope? | Decrease in the Rate of impulse generation at the SA node. |
What is Negative Dromotrope? | Decrease in the Rate of Impulse generation at the AV node. |
What influx causes Fast Potentials? | Sodium Influx |
What influx Causes Slow Potentials? | Calcium Influx |
Where are Slow Potentials located? | Located in two dominant pacemaker cells of the heart, the SA and AV nodes. |
Where do Calcium Channel Blocker medications take effect? | In the slow potential influx of Calcium. |
What is responsible for spontaneous generation of impulses in the SA and AV node? | Slow Potentials (Since SA rate is faster than the AV node it over-rides the rate) |
Where are Fast Potentials located? | Occur in myocardial tissue (muscle) and the ventricular conduction (electrical)system. |
What is Phase 0 in Fast Potentials? | Rapid depolarization due to rapid sodium channels opening (Na+ Influx), inside of cell becomes more positive. |
What is Phase 1 in Fast Potentials? | Slow Potassium channels open (K+ Efflux), this marks the start of repolarization. |
What is Phase 2 in Fast Potentials? | Calcium ions (Ca++) enter the cell and cause a plateau (maintaining the positive charge). This delays repolarization -- important for muscle contraction. |
What is Phase 3 in Fast Potentials? | Calcium ions (Ca++) stops influx and Potassium (K+) rapidly exits the cell. This returns the cell membrane to its normal electrical charge. |
What is Phase 4 in Fast Potentials? | Represents the Resting Membrane Potential (RMP). |
What is the Parasympathetic/Cholinergic Primary Neurotraansmitter? | Acetycholine |
What is the Sympathetic/Adrenergic Primary Neurotransmitter? | Norepinephrine |
List Three Parasympathetic/Cholinergic stimulant terms. | Parasympathomimetic Cholinergic Parasympathetic Agoinst |
List Four Parasympathetic/Cholinergic Suppressant Terms. | Parasympatholytic Anticholinergic Parasympathetic Antagonist Cholinergic Blocker |
List Five Sympathetic/Adrenergic Stimulant Terms. | Sympathomimetic Adrenergic Sympathetic Agonist Alpha Agonist Beta Agonist |
List Five Sympathetic/Adrenergic Suppressant Terms. | Sympatholytic Antiadrenergic Sympathetic Antagonist Alpha Blocker Beta Blocker |
Phase 2 of Fast Potentials is called what? | Absolute Refractory Period |
If a stimulus occurred at Phase 2 of Fast Potentials the stimulus wouldn't have an effect because? | Because the Ions are all in the "wrong place". |
Phase 3 of Fast Potentials is called what? | Relative Refractory Period |
If an unusually strong stimulus occurred at Phase 3 of Fast Potentials, enough ions are "back in the right place" for an action potential to be propagated. What does this mean? | This means the if the heart were in a dysrhythmia the Relative Refractory Period is the best time to start an action potential to fix the rhythm. |
How do Slow Potentials Depolarize? | By the slow influx of Ca++ (slow Ca++ channels) |
Where do Calcium Channel Blockers take effect? | With slow potentials and the depolarization by the slow influx of Ca++. |
Where do Abnormal heart rhythms arise from? | Abnormal impulse formation (automaticity) Abnormal conductivity (re-entry) |
What are the most common heart dysrhythmias? | The Tachys and the Bradys |
What would excessive parasympathetic stimulation do to the heart? | Slow it down. |
What drug would you use to treat bradycardia? | Atropine |
What is the heart's dominant pacemaker? | Sinoatrial (SA)node |
Which myocardial tissue has the ability to create its own electrical impulse (automaticity)? | All mycocardial tissue both contractile and conductive. |
At rest there are more of what kind of ion outside the cell than inside? | More positive ions outside the cell than inside. This is why the cell has a slight negative charge. |
What is the primary ion inside the cell? | Na+ Sodium |
What is the primary ion outside of the cell? | K+ Potassium |
Which ion is responsible for muscle contraction? | Calcium Ca++ |
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raydef44
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