Muscular system A&P2 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
contractile protein found in the thin myofilaments of skeletal muscle | actin |
when stimulated, a muscle fiber will contract fully or not at all | all or none |
those having opposing actions | antagonist |
broad fibrous sheets of connective tissue (like fascia) | aponeuroses |
wasting away of tissue, decrease in size of a part; sometimes referred to as disuse syndrome | atrophy |
synovial fluid-filled sac located between some tendons and bones, making movement easier | bursa |
increase in size, structure, or function | hypertrophy |
"equal measure"; type of muscle contraction in which muscle does not shorten and no movement is produced (wall sit, front leaning rest position) | isometric |
type of muscle contraction in which the muscle length changes, producing movement of a joint (situps, pushups) | isotonic |
the muscle mainly responsible for producing a particular movement | prime mover |
basic functional or contractile unit of skeletal muscle | sarcomere |
inflammation of the tendon sheath | tenosynovitis |
three types of muscle tissue | skeletal, cardiac, smooth |
muscle tissue only found in the heart | cardiac muscle |
unique dark bands found in cardiac muscle tissue | intercalated disks |
involuntary tissue, lines hollow organs, single nucleus, no striations | smooth muscle tissue |
striated, voluntary, multiple nuclei, makes up 40-50% of body weight | skeletal muscle tissue |
3 parts of skeletal muscle | origin, insertion, body |
part of skeletal muscle that attaches to the bone and remains relatively stationary | origin |
part of skeletal muscle that is the point of attachment to the bone that moves when a muscle contracts | insertion (point of insertion) |
main part of the muscle | body |
small synovial-lined sacs fluid between some tendons and underlying bones | bursae |
structure that connects muscle to bone | tendons |
structure that connects bone to bone | ligaments |
3 primary functions of skeletal muscle | movement, posture/muscle tone, heat production |
muscle whose contraction is mainly responsible for producing a given movement | prime mover |
muscle whose contractions help the prime mover prodcue a given movement | synergist |
muscle whose actions oppose the action of a prime mover in any given moment | antagonist |
this produces no movement of body parts, only a few of a muscle's fibers shorten at one time, maintain muscle tone called posture | tonic contraction |
repeated muscular contraction depletes cellular ______ stores and outstrips the ability of the blood supply to replenish O2 and nutrients | ATP |
term used to describe the metabolic effort required to burn excess lactic acid that may accumulate during prolonged periods of exercise | oxygen debt |
specialized nerve that transmits an impluse to a muscle, causing contraction | motor neuron |
specialized point of contact between a nerve ending and the muscle fiber it innervates | neuromuscular junction |
the minimal level of stimulation required to cause a muscle fiber to contract | threshold stimulus |
once stimulated by a threshold stimulus, a muscle fiber will contract completely, this is a response called | all or none |
true or false: different muscle fibers in a muscle are controlled by different motor units having different threshold-stimulus levels | true |
contractions are quick, jerky movements and do not play a significant role in normal muscular activity | twitch |
contractions are sustained and steady muscular contractions caused by a series of stimuli bombarding a muscle in rapid succession | tetanic |
to produce chewing movements | mastication |
allows you to pucker the lips | orbicularis oris |
muscle surrounding the eye | orbicularis oculi |
allows you to raise your eyebows and frown | frontal muscle |
elevates the corners of the mouth and lips | zygomaticus |
elevates the mandible | masseter |
assists masseter to close jaw | temporal |
flexes head | sternocleidomastoid |
elevates shoulder and extends head | trapezius |
flexes upper arm | pectoralis major |
extends the upper arm | latissimus dorsi |
abducts the upper arm | deltoid |
flexes the forearm | biceps brachii |
extends the forearm | triceps brachii |
respiratory muscles | intercostal and diaphragm |
abdominal muscles | external and internal obliques, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis |
quadricepts femoris group consists of | rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius |
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