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Muscular system A&P2
68WM6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| contractile protein found in the thin myofilaments of skeletal muscle | actin |
| when stimulated, a muscle fiber will contract fully or not at all | all or none |
| those having opposing actions | antagonist |
| broad fibrous sheets of connective tissue (like fascia) | aponeuroses |
| wasting away of tissue, decrease in size of a part; sometimes referred to as disuse syndrome | atrophy |
| synovial fluid-filled sac located between some tendons and bones, making movement easier | bursa |
| increase in size, structure, or function | hypertrophy |
| "equal measure"; type of muscle contraction in which muscle does not shorten and no movement is produced (wall sit, front leaning rest position) | isometric |
| type of muscle contraction in which the muscle length changes, producing movement of a joint (situps, pushups) | isotonic |
| the muscle mainly responsible for producing a particular movement | prime mover |
| basic functional or contractile unit of skeletal muscle | sarcomere |
| inflammation of the tendon sheath | tenosynovitis |
| three types of muscle tissue | skeletal, cardiac, smooth |
| muscle tissue only found in the heart | cardiac muscle |
| unique dark bands found in cardiac muscle tissue | intercalated disks |
| involuntary tissue, lines hollow organs, single nucleus, no striations | smooth muscle tissue |
| striated, voluntary, multiple nuclei, makes up 40-50% of body weight | skeletal muscle tissue |
| 3 parts of skeletal muscle | origin, insertion, body |
| part of skeletal muscle that attaches to the bone and remains relatively stationary | origin |
| part of skeletal muscle that is the point of attachment to the bone that moves when a muscle contracts | insertion (point of insertion) |
| main part of the muscle | body |
| small synovial-lined sacs fluid between some tendons and underlying bones | bursae |
| structure that connects muscle to bone | tendons |
| structure that connects bone to bone | ligaments |
| 3 primary functions of skeletal muscle | movement, posture/muscle tone, heat production |
| muscle whose contraction is mainly responsible for producing a given movement | prime mover |
| muscle whose contractions help the prime mover prodcue a given movement | synergist |
| muscle whose actions oppose the action of a prime mover in any given moment | antagonist |
| this produces no movement of body parts, only a few of a muscle's fibers shorten at one time, maintain muscle tone called posture | tonic contraction |
| repeated muscular contraction depletes cellular ______ stores and outstrips the ability of the blood supply to replenish O2 and nutrients | ATP |
| term used to describe the metabolic effort required to burn excess lactic acid that may accumulate during prolonged periods of exercise | oxygen debt |
| specialized nerve that transmits an impluse to a muscle, causing contraction | motor neuron |
| specialized point of contact between a nerve ending and the muscle fiber it innervates | neuromuscular junction |
| the minimal level of stimulation required to cause a muscle fiber to contract | threshold stimulus |
| once stimulated by a threshold stimulus, a muscle fiber will contract completely, this is a response called | all or none |
| true or false: different muscle fibers in a muscle are controlled by different motor units having different threshold-stimulus levels | true |
| contractions are quick, jerky movements and do not play a significant role in normal muscular activity | twitch |
| contractions are sustained and steady muscular contractions caused by a series of stimuli bombarding a muscle in rapid succession | tetanic |
| to produce chewing movements | mastication |
| allows you to pucker the lips | orbicularis oris |
| muscle surrounding the eye | orbicularis oculi |
| allows you to raise your eyebows and frown | frontal muscle |
| elevates the corners of the mouth and lips | zygomaticus |
| elevates the mandible | masseter |
| assists masseter to close jaw | temporal |
| flexes head | sternocleidomastoid |
| elevates shoulder and extends head | trapezius |
| flexes upper arm | pectoralis major |
| extends the upper arm | latissimus dorsi |
| abducts the upper arm | deltoid |
| flexes the forearm | biceps brachii |
| extends the forearm | triceps brachii |
| respiratory muscles | intercostal and diaphragm |
| abdominal muscles | external and internal obliques, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis |
| quadricepts femoris group consists of | rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius |
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