Oceanography Review Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
The tide-generating force is inversely proportional to the cube of the distance.	True
The plane through the ellipse that marks the revolution of Earth around the Sun is called the ecliptic.	True
A lunar day is shorter than a solar day.	False
The Sun and the Moon have relatively equal tide-generating forces on Earth.	False
The barycenter follows a smooth orbit around the Sun.	True
All else being equal, tides have a greater range when the Moon is at apogee than when the Moon is at perigee.	False
A spring tide occurs once per month.	False
A semidiurnal tide is common along the Pacific coast of the United States.	False
The maximum tidal range in the Bay of Fundy is about 17 meters.	True
The seaward flow of water due to tidal forces through an inlet is called an ebb current.	True
The force that pulls an orbiting body toward the center of that orbit is called:	Centripetal
The center of mass of the Earth-Moon system is called the:	barycenter
The tide-generating force varies:	directly with the product of the object masses
The angular distance of the orbital plane of the Sun or Moon above or below Earth's equatorial plane is called the:	declination
A spring tide has very high high tides and very low low tides	True
A neap tide has a very large tidal range	False
Neap tides occur when the moon is at	quadrature
When Earth is at its greatest distance from the Sun, it is said to be at	aphelion
he side of Earth that faces the Moon experiences a high tide, the side of Earth that is opposite from the Moon will have a(n):	high tide
The vertical difference between high and low tides is called the	Tidal Range
The center of an open ocean tidal system is called a(n):	amphidromic center
An area that experiences semidiurnal tides will have two high tides and two low tides of nearly equal height daily.	True
An area that experiences diurnal tides will have one low tide and two high tides daily.	False; one high tide and one low tide daily
The most common tidal pattern around the world are:	Mixed tides
In the United States one can find semidiurnal tides along the:	Atlantic coast
In the United States one can find mixed tides along the:	Pacific Coast
The Bay of Fundy is well known for which tidal characteristic?	Very large tidal range
Water flowing out of an enclosed basin due to the tides is called:	Ebb Current
The maximum tidal currents are reported:	about half way between high and low tides.
Tidal current can produce rotary currents called	Whirlpools
Both ebb tides and flood tides are tidal currents	True
a layer of water in which the salinity changes rapidly with changes in depth	halocline
a layer of water in which the temperature changes rapidly with changes in depth	thermocline
coastal wetland that occurs at latitudes devoid of killing frosts	mangrove swamp
coastal wetland occurring at temperate latitudes that experience seasonal frosts	salt marsh
equal salinity	isohaline
equal temperature	isothermal
a ong, narrow, deep U-shaped inlet that usually represents the seaward end of a submerged glacial valley	fjord
a shallow lagoon separated from the open ocean by a bar deposit such as a barrier island	bar-built estuary
a very deep river mouth with a large volume of freshwater flow beneath which a wedge of salt water from the ocean invades	salt wedge estuary
shallow estuaries in which freshwater and salt salt water are totally mixed from the top to the bottom of the water column	vertically mixed estuary
The Coriolis effect is evident in the surface circulation of Chesapeake Bay.	true
Laguna Madre is a classic coastal plain estuary.	False
Salt marshes serve as nurseries for over half of the commercially important fish in the southeastern United States.	true
Mangrove swamps are protective buffer areas in temperate latitude coastal ecosystems.	false
Pollutants are any substance that has a negative effect on the environment.	True
The greatest sources of hydrocarbons in the marine environment are urban run-off and shipping.	true
Bioremediation involves the use of microorganisms to degrade pollutants such as crude oil.	true
Primary sewage treatment involves the removal of inorganic nutrients from the liquid effluent.	False
Nitrates and hydrocarbons are examples of persistent organic pollutants in marine ecosystems.	false
he decreased calcium content in the shells of piscivorous birds was a result bioaccumulation of pesticides in the food chain.	true
Minamata disease was caused by mercury contamination.	true
The Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) extends into	open international waters
Prevailing dry offshore winds produce coastal waters that have	lower salinities
An example of a coastal plain estuary is the:	Chesapeake Bay
An example of a bar-built estuary is laguna madre	tru
Lagoons that form behind barrier islands are examples of	bar-built estuaries
The type of circulation pattern found in Laguna Madre is opposite of the typical estuarine circulation pattern	true
An estuary formed from a flooded glacial valley called a	fjord
An estuary produced by faulting or folding of rocks that creates a dropped-down section into which a river flows is called a	tectonic estuary
Estuarine circulation associated with a deep, high river volume system where no horizontal salinity gradient exists at the surface is called a	salt wedge estuary
Estuarine circulation associated with a shallow, low-volume estuary in which river water mixes evenly at all depths with ocean water would be called a	vertically mixed estuary
The Columbia River estuary received most of its ecological damage from which source?	hydroelectric dams
One major problem associated with Chesapeake Bay and increased human pressure is	an increase in nutrients resulting in more frequent kills of bottom-dwelling animals.
Coastal wetlands are characterized by:	high levels of organic nutrients in the tidal zone and anoxic sediments
The percentage of the original area of wetlands currently left in the United States is approximately	50%
When ocean water enters a marginal sea above a return flow of saltier water, the circulation pattern is called:	mediterranean circulation
phytoplankton is an example of a pollutant in the marine environment.	false
The toxicity of marine pollutants is estimated by	calculating the concentration at which 50% of the test organisms die.
The two most significant sources of oil pollution in the marine environment are	normal oil tanker/shipping operations and urban run-off
The most biologically devastating oil spills in the marine environment are a result of:	collision and/or sinking of oil tankers
Natural processes which help to remove oil spills from the ocean include all of the following except: a. evaporation from the ocean surface. b. digestion of significant amount by fish populations. c. dispersal due to wave and wind action. d. sinking due	B
Bioremediation has been particularly effective in marine ecosystems in the clean-up of	hydrocarbons
Plastics cause significant biological damage in oceans when:	netting strangles seals and birds
Secondary sewage treatment is distinguished form primary sewage treatment by the	chlorination of the liquid effluent.
The deep water dumping site for sewage sludge off the US East Coast initially seemed to be a good choice because:	a well-developed pycnocline should isolate the sewage
Which of the following organisms are expected to show the highest concentrations of DDT and other chlorinated hydrocarbons in its tissues?	zooplankton
Minamata disease is associated with	ingestion of methyl mercury-contaminated fish and shellfish
marine organism that floats for its entire life	holoplankton
marine organism that floats for a portion of its life	meroplankton
marine organism that lives on the seafloor	epifauna
marine organism that lives in benthic sediments	infauna
marine organism that swims for its entire life	nekton infauna
Cold, high viscosity water benefits floating organisms.	true
Streamlining in fish means that the minimum amount of energy is expended to swim.	true
Osmosis occurs when salt ions diffuse through a membrane with a lower ion concentration.	false
A euryhaline organism would be poorly adapted to living in coastal environments.	false
Stenothermal organisms are likely to be found in deep open ocean water.	true
Phytoplankton are small in size as a result of predation pressure	false
One reason that polar climates support a high biomass is that cold water can hold more dissolved oxygen.	true
The majority of marine species are pelagic.	false
The neritic province is associated with the continental shelf.	true
The depth of the oxygen minimum is found in the bathypelagic zone.	false
The depth of the nutrient maximum is found at the base of the mesopelagic zone.	true
The deep scattering layer is produced by masses of migrating phytoplankton.	true
The euphotic zone is contained entirely in the epipelagic zone.	true
Epifauna live deep within benthic sediments.	false
The hadal zone is associated with deep-ocean trenches.	true
what is the correct hierarchical ordering of taxonomic levels in terms of increasing specificity?	kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Which of the following associations is incorrect? a. Kingdom Animalia – dolphins b. Kingdom Fungi – mushrooms c. Kingdom Monera – bacteria in hydrothermal vents d.Kingdom Plantae – macroalgae e.Kingdom Protista – phytoplankton	D
An example of an organism that might be part of the epifauna is a(n)	sea star
Planktonic organisms that spend part of their life in planktonic form, and the rest of their life as either benthos or nekton are called:	Meroplankton
Nekton are restricted to particular ocean areas by availability of food, differences in water pressure with depth, changes in salinity, and temp variations with latitude and depth.	true
When compared to their warmer water counterparts, cold water plankton often:	are larger in size
Plankton which are 2.0 to 0.2 μm in size are called:	picoplankton
Euryhaline organisms can survive wide salinity fluctuations	true
Organisms that cannot withstand large changes in temperature are referred to as	stenothermal
When an organism has the same salt and water concentration as its environment, it is said to be:	hyptonic
Osmotic pressure increases as the:	difference in salinity increases
The majority of marine invertebrates are:	isotonic with respect to their environment
Compared to freshwater fishes, marine fishes:	tend to lose water by osmosis since their internal salt concentration is lower than that of seawater.
An organism that tolerates a wide range of salinities is referred to as	euryhaline
The movement of a substance in solution from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration across a selectively permeable membrane is:	diffusion
The color pattern in which marine organisms are light on the bottom and dark on the top of their bodies camouflaging them against the water-air interface is:	countershading
A common body shape that streamlines an organism in the marine environment is a flattened body that:	tapers at the posterior end
The seasonal temperature range in the deep ocean is usually:	negligible
Most marine species are found in a(n):	benthic environment.
Neritic marine environments would be found:	associated with continental shelves.
The euphotic zone is confined to the:	epipelagic zone.
the sublittoral (subtidal) zone is the area	below the intertidal zone on the continental shelf
Organisms of the mesopelagic zone are characterized by bioluminescence and large sensitive eyes.	true
Organisms with small, expandable bodies, extremely large mouths, and efficient teeth are likely to be found in the:	bathypelagic zone
producer consumer or decomposer? cyanobacteria	producer
producer consumer or decomposer? bacteria	decomposer
producer consumer or decomposer? flouder	consumer
producer consumer or decomposer? kelp	producer
producer consumer or decomposer? sargassum	producer
producer consumer or decomposer? starfish	consumer
The by-products of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).	false
Bacteria that manufacture carbohydrates in the absence of solar energy from inorganic carbon are autotrophs.	true
Net primary production can be estimated as the amount of photosynthesis plus the amount of respiration.	false
The group of marine algae with the highest abundance and greatest geographic distribution belong to the Division Rhodophyta.	true
Most marine algae are limited to depths above 100 meters; red algae have been observed growing at depths of over 250 meters.	true
Diatoms are classified as members of the Division Chlorophyta.	false
Marine algae that grow close to the limits of light penetration have accessory photosynthetic pigments that absorb high energy, short-wavelength light in the blue region of the electromagnetic spectrum.	true
Eutrophication results in an overabundance of organic matter.	true
Tropical marine waters have the highest rate of primary productivity in the world’s oceans.	false
Energy flow is unidirectional in contrast to nutrients, which cycle in ecosystems.	true
If the total caloric content of the autotrophic organisms in a marine ecosystem were 250,000 KCAL, then the expected caloric value for the second-level consumers would be 25,000 KCAL.	false
Consumers, producers, and decomposers are all examples of trophic levels within a food chain or food web.	true
In primary production there is a net gain in organic carbon.	true
Bacteria that make their own carbohydrates by obtaining energy from chemical compounds and not directly from the sun are:	chemosynthetic bacteria
Net primary productivity is net gain in organic carbon and photosynthesis minus cellular respiration.	true
The nutrients that tend to limit photosynthesis in marine environments include:	nitrogen and phosphorous
The depth at which the cellular respiration rate equals the photosynthetic rate is referred to as the:	oxygen compensation depth
The most abundant marine algae are members of the Division:	rhodophyta
Diatoms, important producers in the epipelagic open ocean, are members of the Division:	chromophyta
Many of the organisms responsible for toxic red tides and paralytic shellfish poisoning belong to the Division:	dinophyceae
Important marine autotrophs that have SiO2 incorporated in the cell walls are:	diatoms
Marine flowering plants include ulva	false
Overproduction of organic matter resulting in anoxic conditions is attributed to:	eutrophication
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) may produce toxins that affect human neurological functioning.	true
HABs are caused by diatoms and coccolithophorids	false
Eutrophication is a type of pollution caused by increased:	inorganic nutrient input
Annually, the relative productivity in the world’s oceans from most productive to least productive is:	temperate waters, polar waters, tropical waters.
In temperate oceans during the winter months:	nutrient concentrations are high, solar input is low, and water temperatures decrease.
In temperate oceans during the summer months:	nutrient concentrations are low, solar input is high, and oxygen solubility decreases.
An area of the open ocean where the rate of primary productivity is very low is referred to as a(n):	oligotrophic area
Productivity in polar oceans is:	light-limited
Productivity in tropical oceans is:	nutrient-limited
If 10,000 KCAL of energy were contained in the primary producers, on average how many KCAL of energy would you expect to be transferred to third-order consumers?	10KCAL
Nutrient flow in an ecosystem is:	cyclic
Energy flow in an ecosystem is:	unidirectional
The efficiency of trophic transfers in ecosystems is on average around:	10%
The percentage of biomass regularly recycled in the euphotic zone is about:	90%
The percentage of euphotic zone biomass that reaches the deep ocean floor is approximately:	1%
A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected is:	commensalism
The relationship between clown fishes and sea anemones is an example of:	mutualism
The maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is best defined as:	largest catch that can be taken without overfishing.
The area of the ocean that produces the largest standing stock of commercial fish is in the	continental shelves
The term-bycatch refers to:	non-target species that are caught along with commercial species.
Catches above the maximum sustainable yield result in	over fishing
Purse seines are nets that:	surround and trap fishes
The mass present at a given time of a population of fish is called its:	standing stock
order and suborder of blue whale	order cetacea, suborder musticeti
order and suborder of bottlenose dolphin	Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti
order of dugong	Order Sirenia
order and suborder of furseal	Order Carnivora, Suborder Pinnipedia
order and suborder of gray whale	Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti
order and suborder of killer whale	Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti
order of manatee	Order Sirenia
order and suborder of sea lion	Order Carnivora, Suborder Pinnipedia
order and suborder of sperm whale	Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti
order and suborder of walrus	Order Carnivora, Suborder Pinnipedia
blue marlin fin shape	lunate caudal fin
bluefin tuna fin shape	lunate caudal fin
flounder fin shape	rounded caudal fin
gray angelfish fin shape	truncate caudal fin
herring fin shape	forked caudal fin
queen angel fin shape	rounded caudal fin
salmon fin shape	truncate caudal fin
silvertip shark fin shape	hereocercal caudal fin
tiger shark fin shape	heterocercal caudal fin
yellowtail snapper fin shape	forked caudal fin
Strategies for staying afloat in pelagic environments include air bladder, increased body fat, and increased density.	False
Sharks have lunate caudal fins.	false
Some fish maintain body temperatures significantly higher than the surrounding water using a modified circulatory countercurrent heat exchange system between muscle and blood vessels.	true
Muscles segments used in locomotion and found along the sides of fish are called myomeres.	true
Red muscles fiber is abundant in cruisers, while white muscle fiber is abundant in lungers.	true
We currently believe that all marine mammals evolved from land-dwelling mammals.	true
One adaptation for deep diving is an increase in heart rate during the dive.	false
Many cetaceans can extract 90% of the oxygen from each breath.	true
The mysticeti whales include the humpback, the gray, and the sperm whales.	false
The California gray whale is unusual because it stirs up bottom sediment in order to feed.	true
The migration routes of marine fishes and mammals are well known by man.	false
what is a member of the Phylum Cnidaria?	jelly fish
Which set of 2 fins are used for turning and breaking?	pectoral and pelvic
Which set of fins is used as stabilizers?	anal and dorsal
The shape of the caudal fin of a shark is referred to as:	heterocercal
The caudal fin of fast-cruising fish such as tuna is:	lunate
The body shape among fishes varies greatly in accordance with habitat and life-style. A torpedo-shaped body is found among:	fast swimming fishes
large bodies are adaptations of mesopelagic fishes	false
Bioluminescence is employed by mesopelagic animals for warning coloration	false
An example of a “cruiser” is a:	tuna
The muscle tissue of a “lunger” is predominantly the color	white
The speed of a fish is closely related to its:	length
Cruisers often have relatively high body temperature because:	it increases the power output of muscle tissue
sperm whales are baleen whales	false
Sea lions are easily distinguished from seals because they have external	ears
The humpback and other baleen whales migrate every year to	mate and give birth in the tropics during the winter.
Choose the word that doesn't belong: arrow worm, copepod, ctenophore, jellyfish, salp	arrow worm
Choose the word that doesn't belong: anal, caudal, dorsal, pelvic, ventral	ventral
Choose the word that doesn't belong: blubber, collapsible ribs, gas bladder, spines, swim bladder	collapsible ribs
Choose the word that doesn't belong: blue gray killer minke sei	killer

Created by: taylorx652

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