Pathophysiology Term Word Scramble
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TERM | DEFINITION |
acidosis | a condition marked by a high concentration of hydogen ions. |
active transport | a carrier mediated process that can move substances against a concentration gradient. |
aerobic | of or pertaining to the presence of air or oxygen |
afterload | the total resistance against which blood must be pumped; aka peripheral vascular resistance. |
alkalosis | a condition marked by a low concentration of hydrogen ions |
allergens | substance that can produce hypersensitivity reactions in the body |
anaerobic | of or pertaining to the absence of oxygen |
anion | an ion with a negative charge |
antigens | substances (usually proteins) that cause formation of an antibody and that react specifically with that antibody |
atrophy | decrease in the size of a cell, which adversely effects cell function |
B lymphocytes | the lymphocytes responsible for antibody mediated immunity. |
cardiac output | the volume of blood pumped each minute by the ventricle |
cation | an ion with a positive charge |
complement system | a group of proteins that coat bacteria; the proteins then either help kill the bacteria directly, or they assist neutrophils (in the blood) and macrophages (in the tissues) to engulf and destroy the bacteria |
diffusion | the process by which solid, particulate matter in a fluid moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, resulting in an even distribution of the particles in the fluid |
dysplasia | abnormal cellular growth |
edema | the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces |
extracellular fluid | the water found outside the cells, including that in the intravascular and interstitial compartments |
facilitated diffusion | a carrier mediated process that moves substances into or out of cells from a high to low concentration |
hypercalcemia | a higher than normal concentration of calcium in the blood |
hyperkalemia | a higher than normal concentration of potassium in the blood |
hypermagnesemia | a higher than normal concentration of magnesium in the blood |
hyperatremic | a term describing a higher than normal concentration of sodium in the blood |
hyperplasia | excessive increase in the number of cells |
hypersensitivity reaction | an altered immunological response to ann antigen that results in a pathological immune response upon reexposure |
hypertonic | a term used to describe a slutin that causes cells to shrink |
hypertrophy | increase in the size of a cell |
hypokalemia | lower than normal concentration of potassium in the blood |
hypomagnesemia | a lower than normal concentration of magnesium in the blood plasma |
hyponatremic | a term describing a lower than normal concentration of sodium in the blood |
hypoperfusion | severely inadequate circulation that results in insufficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients necessary for normal tissue and cellular function, aka shock |
hypotonic | a term used to describe a solution that causes cells to swell |
hypoxemia | a lower than normal oxygen content of the blood as measured in an arterial blood sample |
immune response | a defense function of the body that produces antibodies to destroy invading antigens and malignancies |
inflammatory response | a tissue reaction to injury or to an antigen; it may include pain, swelling, itching, redness, heat and loss of function. |
interstitial fluid | the fluid found in all body cells |
ischemia | a state of insufficient perfusion of oxygenated blood to a body organ or part. |
isotonic | a term used to describe a solution that causes cells neither to shrink nor swell. |
lactic acidosis | a disorder characterized by an accumulation of lactic acid in the blood, resluting ina lowered pH in muscle and serum |
mediated transport mechanisms | mechanisms that use carrier molecules to move large, water soluble molecules or electrically charged molecules aross cell membranes. |
metaplasia | a change from one cell type to another that is better able to tolerate adverse conditions; a conversion into a form that is not normal for that cell. |
multiple organ dysfunction syndrome | the progressive failure of two or more organ systems after a severe ilness or injury |
necrosis | death of a cell or group of cells as the result of disease or injury |
negative feedback mechanisms | mechanisms that tend to produce a response that balances a change in system |
neoplasia | new and abnormal development of cells, which may be benign or malignant. |
osmolality | the osmotic pressure of a solution |
osmosis | the diffusion of solvent (water) through a membrane from a less concentrated sollution to a more concentrated solution. |
partial pressure | the pressure exerted by a single gas. |
peripheral vascular resistance | the total resistance against which blood must be pumped; aka afterload. |
pH | an inverse logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration |
preload | the amount of blood returning to the ventricle. |
semipermeable membrane | a membrane that allows some fluids and substances to pass through them but not others usually depending on size, shape, electrical charge, or other chemical properties. |
shock | a condition of severely inadequate blood flow to the body's peripheral tissues that is associated with life threatening cellular dysfunction; aka hypoperfusion. |
solutes | substances dissolved in solution |
starling hyposthesis | the concept that describes the movement of fluid back and forth across the capillary wall (net filtration) |
stroke volulme | the volume of blood ejected from one ventricle in a single heartbeat. |
T lymphocytes | the lymphocytes responsible for cell mediated immunity |
virulence | the relative strength of a pathogen. |
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