Microbiology test 6 Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| Koch's postulates don't apply to all diseases because | All diseases aren't caused by microorganisms |
| Mechanical transmission differs from biological transmission in that mechanical transmission | doesn't involve specific diseases |
| What type of infection can be caused by septicemia | Systemic infection |
| Koch observed Bacillus anthracis multiplying in the blood of cattle. What is this condition called? | Septicemia |
| One effect of washing regularly with antibacterial agents is the removal of normal microbiota. This can result in | Increased susceptibility to disease |
| Whis of the following is a fomite? a)pus b) insects c)a hypodermic needle d)water e)droplets from sneeze | c) a hypodermic needle |
| symptoms of disease differ from signs of disease in that symptoms | are changes felt by the patient |
| how would an "endemic level" be shown on a graph | a straight line which represents a LOW amount of occurances |
| Influenza tranmitted by an unprotected sneeze is a example of | droplet transmission |
| Pseudomonas bacteria colonized the bile duct of a patient following his liver transplant surgery. This is an example of | Nosocomial Infections |
| The most frequently used portal of entry for pathogens is the | mucous membrans of the respiratory tract |
| The ID50 is a | does that will cause an infection in 50% of the test population |
| which of the following statements about exotoxins is generally not true | they are not destroyed by heat |
| All of the following are methods of avoiding host antibodies except | membrane-disrupting toxins |
| which of the following is not considered entry via the parenteral route | hair follicle |
| Botulism is caused by an exotoxin, therefore it could easily be prevented by | Boiling food prior to consumption |
| A needlestick is a example of which portal of entry | parenteral route |
| Antibiotics can lead to septic shock if used to treat | Gram-negative bacterial infections |
| The administration of amplicillin before surgery | decreases the risk of staphylococcal infection |
| in response to the presence of endotoxin, phagocytes secrete tumor necrosis factor. This causes | a decrease in blood pressure |
| Which organism most easily causes an infection | Legionella pheumophila ID50-1 |
| Which of the following is not a cytopathic effect of viruses | None of the above |
| Which of the following organsims doesn't produce an exotoxin | Salmonella typhi |
| Endotoxins are | part of the gram-negative cell wall |
| Which of the following is not a membrane disrupting toxin | A-B toxin |
| Cytopahtic effects are changes in host cells due to | Viral infections |
| Which of the following does not contribute to a pathogen's invasiveness | toxins |
| a sexually transmitted disease is an example of | direct contact |
| All of the following statements about biological transmission are true except | houseflies are an important vector |
| a nosocomial infection is | acquired during the course of hospitalization |
| Innate immunity is | the body's ability to ward off diseases |
| Whihc of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity | basophils |
| Which of teh following is found normally in serum | complement |
| Which of the following is not an effect of complement activation | Interfence with viral replication |
| which of the following is not true of fixed macrophages | they are mature monocytes |
| Chill is a sign that | Body temperature is rising |
| the classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by | Antigen-antibody reactions |
| Vasodilation is caused by all of the following except | Complement |
| Activation of C5-C9 results in | Leakage of cell contents |
| Which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths | Eosinophil |
| Which one of the following does not belong with the others | natural killer cell |
| All of the following occur during inflammation. What is the first step? | Vasodilation |
| Chlamydia trachomatis can live inside white blood cells beacause it | Inhibits formation of phagolysosomes |
| Bacterial enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase can protect bacteria from | Phagocytic digestion |
| Which of the following is an effect of opsoization | Increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms |
| The function of the "ciliary escalator" is to | Remove microorganisms from the lower respiratory tract |
| Type of immunity resulting from vaccination | Artificially acquired passive immunity |
| The specificity of an antibody is due to | The variable portions of the H and L chains |
| The best definition of an antigen is | A chemical that elicits an antibody response and can combine with these antibodies |
| Patients with an inherited type of colon cancer called familial adenomatous polyposis have a mutation in the gene that codes for | Apoptosis |
| Antigens coated with antibodies are susceptible to | Phagocytosis |
| Chemical signals sent between leukocytes are | interleukins |
| All of the following are true about natural killer cells except | The are stimulated by an antigen |
| In figure 17.2 which areas are similar for all IgG antibodies | c and d |
| In figure 17.2 which areas are different for all IgM antibodies | a and b |
| In figure 17.2 what can attach to a host cell | e |
| Plasma cells are activated by an | antigen |
| The antibodies found in mucus, saliva, and tears are | IgA |
| The antibodies found on B cells are | IgM |
| The antibodies that can bind to large parasites are | IgE |
| Immunity resulting from recovery from mumps | Naturally acquired active immunity |
| Newborns' immunity due to the transfer of antibodies across the placenta | Naturally acquired passive immunity |
| T cells are actived by | Interaction between CD4 and MHC II |
| Which of teh following is not normally used in a vaccine | Antibodies |
| A reaction between an antibody and soluble antigen-forming lattices is called a(n) | Precipitation reaction |
| An inderirect version of which test using antihuman globulin may be used to detect patient's antibodies against Treponema pallidum | Immunofluorescence |
| What type of vaccine is live measles virus | attenuated whole-agent vaccine |
| Which of the following is a pregnancy test used to find the fetam hormone HCG in a woman's urine using anti HCG and latex spheres | Passive agglutination reaction |
| In Table 18.1 who probably had the disease | A and B |
| In a direct ELISA test, what are you looking for in the patient | Antigen |
| Live polio virus can be used in an | Attenuated whole-agent vaccine |
| Hypersensitivity is due to | An altered immune response |
| Graft-versus-host disease will most likely be a complication of | A bone marrow transplant |
| A hypersensitivity reaction occurs | On a second or subsequent exposure to an antigen |
| Hemolytic disease of the newborn can result from | An Rh- mother with an Rh+ fetus |
| Treatment with certain drugs to reduce transplant rejection can cause | Immunosuppression |
| Which of these causes of glomerulonephritis leads to all the others | Antibodies against streptococcus |
| MMR vaccine contains hydrolyzed gelatin. A person receiving this vaccine could develop an anaphylactic reaction if the person has | antibodies against gelatin |
| In rheumatoid arthritis, IgM, IgG, and complement deposit in joints. This is an example of | Immune complex autoimmunity |
| Clinical AIDS is diagnosed when | The CD4 Tcell count is <200/mm3 |
| Hay fever is an example of | Type I hypersensitivity |
| Transfusion reactions are an example of | Type II hypersensitivity |
| All of the following statements about type I hypersensitivites are true except | They are cell meidated |
| which of the following is not an immune complex disease | Hemolytic disease of the newborn |
| Cancer cells may escape the immune system because | Tumor cells shed their specific antigens |
| Autoimmunity is due to | IgG and IgM antibodies |
| The chemical mediators of anaphylaxis are | Found in basophils and mast cells |
| Which antibodies will bin the serum of a person with blood type B, Rh- | Anti A, Anti Rh |
| Hepatitis B virus surface antigen can be used in a | Subunit vaccine |
| Which of the following uses red blood cells as the indicator | complement fixation |
| Which of the following is a test to determine patient's blood type by mixing patient's red blood cells | Direct agglutination reaction |
| A test used to identify antibodies against Treponema pallidum in a patient is the | Indirect fluorescent antibody test |
| A reaction between antibody and particulate antigen is called an | Agglutination reaction |
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hlareau
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