Blood & Lymph Ch 9 Word Scramble
V L L D
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| Question | Answer |
| VLDL | very-low-density lipoprotein |
| Are lymph vessels smaller or larger than capillaries? | larger |
| electrophoresis | the movement of charged suspended particles through a liquid medium in response to changes in an electric field. Charged particles of a given substance migrate in a predictable direction and at a characteristic speed |
| basophil | a granulocytic white blood cell characerized by cytoplasmic granules that stain blue when exposed to a basic dye. (1% or less of WBC) |
| globin | a group of four globulin protein molecules that become bound by the iron in heme molecules to form hemoglobin |
| mon/o | one |
| pancytopenia | a marked reduction in the number of the RBC's, WBC's, and platelets |
| leuk/o | white |
| What is similar between granulocytes and agranulocytes in the way they fight infection? different? | They both engulf and destroy bacteria. However agranulocytes can also produce antibodies that destroy bacteria and viruses. |
| natural immunity | immunity with which we are born; also called genetic immunity |
| neutrophil | a polymorphonuclear (multilobed nucleus) granular leukocyte that stains easily with neutral dyes. |
| heparin | a naturally occurring anticlotting factor present in the body |
| ascites | an abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of a fluid containing large amounts of protein and electrolytes. |
| What does thrombin do? | converts fibrinogen into fibrin |
| anisocytosis | an abnormal condition of the blood characterized by red blood cells of variable and abnormal size. |
| What are the two ducts of the lymphatic system? | Right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct. |
| heme | the pigmented, iron-containing, nonprotein portion of the hemoglobin molecule. Heme binds and carries oxygen in the RBC's, releasing it to tissues that give off excess amounts of CO2 |
| erythremia | an abnormal increase in the number of RBC's |
| LDL | low-density lipoprotein |
| lymphangi/o | lymph vessel |
| AHF | antihemophilic factor |
| What is the main difference between granulocytes and agranulocytes? | granulocytes contain gramules in their cytoplasm, and agranulocytes don't. |
| -phage; phag/o | to eat |
| -poikil/o | varied; irregular |
| megakaryocyte | an extrememly large bone marrow cell |
| What do the lymph capillaries do? | pick up accumulated interstitial fluid and return it to the blood |
| What is hemophilia? | different hereditary inadequacies of coagulation factors resulting in prolonged bleeding times - can cause extreme blood loss and can be fatal. |
| fibrin | a stringy, insoluble protein that is the substance of a blood clot |
| pica | a craving to eat unusual, non-food substances, including but not limited to things such as clay, dirt, starch, chalk, glue, ice, and hair. this appetite disorder occurs w/ some nutritional deficiencies (iron deficiency anemia)& can occur w/pg |
| PA | pernicious anemia |
| What is an immune reaction? | defense mechanism of the body, produces antibodies to destroy invading antigens and malignancies |
| What is acquired immunity? | body has developed ability to defend itself against a specific agent, either through receiving an immunization or having had the particular disease. |
| prothrombin | a plasma protein precursor of thrombin. It is synthesized in the liver if adequate vit K is present |
| T cells | cells important to the immune response. they mature in the thymus, then enter blood and circulate throughout the body, providing defense against disease by attacking foreign, and/or abnormal cells. |
| -emia | blood condition |
| bas/o | base |
| PMN | polymorphonuclear neutrophil (leukocytes) |
| What are the two concerns with the Rh factor? | 1. if Rh- blood exposed to Rh+ blood via transfusion, then the next transfusion, agglutination could occur. 2. Rh- mom giving birth to Rh+ baby can cause destruction of the fetal RBC's |
| What does a bone marrow biopsy look for? | evaluates the number, shape, and size of the RBC's, WBC's, and platelet precursors. This is used to dx leukemias, some anemias, and decreased platelet counts. |
| myeloid | of or pertaining to the bone marrow or the spinal cord |
| mono. | monocyte |
| erythroblast | an immature RBC |
| -phoresis | transmission |
| ALL | acute lymphatic leukemia |
| stem cell | a formative cell; a cell whose daughter cells may give rise to other cell types |
| thrombus | a clot |
| morph/o | form, shape |
| dyscrasia | an abnormal condition of the blood or bone marrow, such as leukemia, aplastic anemia, or prenatal Rh incompatibility. |
| chrom/o | color |
| Hct | hematocrit |
| poly. | polymorphonuclear leukocyte |
| What does the thymus do? | secretes thymosin - stimulates red bone marrow to produce T lymphocytes (T-cells) which is important in immune response, the T-cells mature in the thymus |
| monocyte | a large mononuclear leukocyte |
| thrombin | an enzyme formed form prothrombin, calcium, and thromboplastin in plasma during the clotting process. It causes fibrinogen to change to fibrin, which is essential in the formation of a clot. |
| thromb/o | clot |
| hematologist | a medical specialist in the field of hematology |
| What are the tonsils? | masses of lymphatic tissue located in protective ring, just under the mucous membrane. They surround the mouth and back of throat and serve as the first line of defense from the external environment |
| agglutination | the clumping of cells as a result of interaction with specific antibodies called agglutinins. |
| immune reaction (immune response) | a defense function of the body that produces antibodies to destroy invading antigens and malignancies |
| diff.diag. | differential diagnosis |
| enzyme | an organic substance that initiates and accelerates a chemical reaction |
| serology | the branch of laboratory medicine that studies blood serum for evidence of infection by evaluating antigen-antibody reactions. |
| eosinophil | a granulocytic, bilobed leukocyte somewhat larger than a neutrophil characterized by large numbers of coarse, refractile, cytoplasmic granules that stain with the acid dye eosin |
| What are the symptoms of anemia? | fatigue, paleness of skin, headache, fainting, tingling sensations and numbness, loss of appetite, swelling in lower extremities, dyspnea |
| GM-CSF | granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor |
| What does the PTT test for? | evaluates blood clotting factors in the blood, determines how long it takes for fibrin clots to form, used to monitor heparin therapy |
| aniso- | unequal |
| hem/o; hemat/o | blood |
| splenomegaly | an abnormal enlargement of the spleen |
| erythrocyte | a mature RBC |
| thromboplastin | a complex substance that initiates the clotting process by converting prothrombin into thrombin in the presence of calcium ion |
| erythropoietin | a hormone synthesized mainly in the kidneys and released into the bloodstream in response to anoxia. The hormone acts to stimulate and regulate the production of erythrocytes and is thus abble to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. |
| Hb, Hbg, Hgb | hemoglobin |
| blast/o, -blast | embryonic stage of development |
| What are the four parts of the lymphatic system? | lymph fluid, lymph vessels, lymph nodes (lymph glands), lymphatic organs |
| How are lymph vessels different from blood vessels? | lymph vessels do not form a closed circuit and they originate in intercellular spaces of soft tissues of the body |
| -penia | decrease in; deficiency |
| phagocytosis | the process of a cell engulfing and destroying bacteria |
| What does the spleen do? | plays an important role in the immune response by filtering blood by removing pathogens & old RBC's |
| What does a CBC include? | a series of test performed on peripheral blood, that inexpensively screens for problems in the body: RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC indicies, WBC count, WBC differential, blood smear, platelet count |
| What will result if the wrong blood type is given? | the antibodies in the blood will attack the antigens in the "foreign" blood and result in agglutination |
| immunotherapy | a special treatment of allergic responses that administers increasingly large doses of the offending allergens to gradually develop immunity. |
| What is blood serum? | the clear, thin, and sticky fluid portion of the blood that remains after coagulation, it contains no blood cells, platelets, or fibrinogen. Plasma - clotting factors = serum |
| seroconversion | a change in serologic tests from negative to positive as antibodies develop in reaction to an infection or vaccine |
| susceptible | a state of having a lack of resistance to pathogens and other harmful agents. |
| immunology | the study of the reaction of tissues of the immune system of the body to antigenic stimulation |
| eosin/o | red, rosy |
| allergy | a hypersensitive reaction to normally harmless antigens, most of which are environmental. |
| What is immunization? | process of creating immunity to a specific disease |
| septicemia | systemic infection in which pathogens are present in the circulating bloodstream, having spread from an infection in any part of the body |
| edema | the accumulation of fluid within the tissue spaces |
| What are the formed elements of blood? | RBC's (erythrocytes), WBC's (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes) |
| MCHC | mean cell hemoglobin concentration |
| What are lymph nodes? | collections of lymphatic tissue, also called lymph glands |
| What differentiates the four blood types? | The blood type corresponds to the antigen present on RBC, whatever antigen they have, the opposite antibody is present in the plasma. ie: Blood Type A has A-antigen on RBC and anti-B antibody in plasma. |
| sider/o | iron |
| What blood type is the universal donor? Universal recipient? | Type O - donor, Type AB - recipient |
| What are the two categories of leukocytes? | Granulocytes and agranulocytes |
| What are the diagnostic tests for AIDS? | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Western blot. |
| What is natural immunity? | immunity with which we are born, genetic |
| agglutin/o | to clump |
| -osis | condition |
| hyperalbuminemia | an increased level of albumin in the blood |
| -poiesis | formation |
| antibodies | substances produced by the body in response to bacteria, viruses, or other foreign substances. |
| What are examples of agranulocytes? | monocytes and lymphocytes |
| lymph/o | lymph |
| lymphocyte | small, agranulocytic leukocyts originating from fetal stem cells and developing in the bone marrow |
| myel/o | bone marrow or spinal cord |
| What is the function of the lymphatic system? | it is important to the immune system, it produces antibodies and lymphocytes important to immunity. it also helps to maintain a balance of fluid in the internal environment. |
| erythropoiesis | the process of RBC production |
| What do platelets release during the process of clotting? | thromboplastin |
| allergen | a substance that can produce a hypersensitive reaction in the body. |
| What is tested with the Hb/ Hgb/ Hbg test? | concentration measurement of hemoglobin in peripheral blood |
| edema | the abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues |
| granulocyte | a type of leukocyte characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic granules |
| fibrinogen | a plasma protein converted into fibrin by thrombin in the presence of calcium ions. |
| What are the differences in human blood type due to? | the presence or absence of protein molecules |
| ion | an electrically charged particle |
| kary/o | nucleus |
| What is the largest lymphatic organ in the body? | the spleen |
| lymphaden/o | lymph gland |
| CBC | complete blood(cell) count |
| immun/o | immune; protection |
| What does thromboplastin do? | It converts prothrombin to thrombin |
| ABO | blood groups: A, AB, B, & O |
| mono- | one |
| WBC | white blood cell (leukocyte) |
| -oid | resembling |
| What is bleeding time? | measurement of time required for bleeding to stop, especially relevant in pts taking blood thinners |
| What are the smallest lymph vessels? | lymph capillaries |
| -lytic | destruction |
| coagulation | the process of transforming a liquid into a solid, especially of the blood. |
| macrophage | any phagocytic cell involved in the defense against infection and in the disposal of the products of the breakdown of cells. macrophages are foiund in the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, lungs, brain, and spinal cord |
| plasma | the watery, straw-colored, fluid portion of the lymph and the blood in which the leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets are suspended. |
| hemolysis | the breakdown of RBC's and the release of hemoglobin that occurs normally at the end of the life span of a red cell |
| thrombocytopenia | an abnormal hematologic condition in which the number of platelets is reduced |
| Ab | antibody |
| -globin | containing protein |
| HDL | high-density lipoprotein |
| leukocytopenia | an abnormal decrease in number of WBC's to fewer than 5000 cells per cubic millimeter |
| What is a leukocyte, what does it do, and how is different than an erythrocyte? | WBC. It is the body's main defense against the invasion of pathogens. They are larger than erythrocytes, but fewer in #, a mature WBC has a nucleus, and it does not contain hemoglobin |
| is/o | equal |
| lymph | lymphocyte |
| How is blood circulated? | by the action of the heart through the arteries and veins |
| How does lymph move? | It is propelled in one direction, away from its source, through lymph vessels, to drain into large veins of the circulatory system and back to the heart |
| BMT | bone marrow transplant |
| What does lymph do as it passes through the stationary lymph nodes? | old, dead cells and bacteria present are filtered out, macrophages engulf and destroy any bacteria present. |
| What is assessed with the Hct? | the RBC % in total blood volume, this is affected by such factors as dehydration, drugs, and high altitude |
| hypersensitivity | an abnormal condition characterized by an excessive reaction to a particular stimulus |
| AML | acute myelogenous leukemia |
| albumin | a plasma protein. it helps maintain the blood volume and blood pressure |
| platelet | a clotting cell; a thrombocyte |
| What are the four blood types and population percentage of each? | A - 41%, B - 10%, AB - 4%, O - 45% |
| RBC | red blood cell (erythrocyte) |
| adenoids | masses of lymphatic tissue located near the opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx; also called the pharyngeal tonsils |
| differentiation | a process in development in which unspecialized cells or tissues are systemically modified and altered to achieve specific and characteristic physical forms, physiologic functions, and chemical properties |
| What are the body's two main fluids? | blood and lymph |
| What are examples of granulocytes? | neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils |
| lymphadenopathy | any disorder of the lymph nodes or lymph vessels, characterized by localized or generalized enlargement |
| What are the 3 plasma proteins and what do they do? | albumins (60%) - help maintain normal blood volume and BP. Globulins (36%) - transport lipids and fat-soluble vits in the blood, and function in immunity. Fibrinogen (4%) - Largest of the plasma proteins, fewest in #, essential in blood clotting |
| immunity | the state of being resistant to or protected from a disease. The individual is said to be "immune" |
| What are the three lymphatic organs? | thymus, spleen, and tonsils |
| ESR | erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| hemorrhage | a loss of a large amount of blood in a short period of time, either externally or internally. it can be arterial, venous, or capillary. |
| segs | segmented neutrophils |
| immunization | the process of creating immunity to a specific disease |
| What is an erythrocyte, what does it look like, and what does it do? | Red Blood Cell, tiny biconcave-shaped disks, thinner in center than around edges, there is no nucleus in a mature RBC, life span 120 days, formed in bone marrow, main component hemoglobin. its primary function is to transport O2 & CO2. |
| globulin | a plasma protein made in the liver. Globulin helps in the synthesis of antibodies. |
| Ag | antigen |
| lymph | interstitial fluid picked up by the lymphatic capillaries and eventually returned to the blood. once the interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic vessels, it is knows as lymph |
| What is another antigen, besides A & B that can be present on the RBC? | Rh factor |
| What are some pathological conditions of the lymphatic system? | AIDS, Kaposi's Sarcoma, Lymphoma, mononucleosis |
| hemostasis | the termination of bleeding by mechanical or chemical means or by the complex coagulation process of the body, consisting of vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and thrombin and fibrin synthesis |
| nucle/o | nucleus |
| What is leukemia? | exessive uncontrolled increase in number of immature WBC's in the blood which eventually leads to infection, anemia and thrombocytopenia (reduction in platelets) |
| immunologist | the health specialist whose training ande experience is concentrated in immunology |
| thrombocyte | a clotting cell; a platelet |
| What is the ESR used for? | measures the rate of RBC's settling out in a tube of unclotted blood, marker of inflammation |
| cyt/o | cell |
| pathogens | disease-producing microorganisms |
| eos. | eosinophil |
| IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM | immunoglobulin A, D, E, G, M |
| hematology | the scientific study of blood and blood-forming tissues |
| hyperlipemia, hyperlipidemia | an excessive level of blood fats, usually caused by lipoprotein lipase deficiency or a defect in the conversion of low-density lipoproteins to high-density lipoproteins |
| What is tested with the DIFF? | It is the measurement of the percentage of each specific type of circulating WBC's present in one cubic mm of peripheral blood, it msrs neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, & basophils |
| What is Polycythemia Vera? | abnormal increase in the number of RBC's, granulocytes, and thrombocytes leading to an increase in blood volume and viscosity resulting in congestion in spleen and liver |
| coagul/o | clotting |
| What is the fluid inside the lymphatic vessel known as? | lymph |
| local reaction | a reaction to treatment that occurs at the site it was administered |
| corpuscle | any cell of the body; a red or white blood cell |
| resistance | the body's ability to counteract the effects of pathogens and other harmful agents |
| leukocyte | a WBC, one of the formed elements of the circulating blood system |
| What do the lymph vessels do? | receive lymph from lymphatic capillaries, the valve prevents backward flow of fluid so that the lymph is only transported in one direction away from the tissue and toward the thoracic cavity |
| serum | also called blood serum. The clear, thin, and sticky fluid portion of the blood that remains after coagulation. Serum contains no blood cells, platelets, or fibrinogen |
| bilirubin | the orange-yellow pigment of bile formed principally by the breakdown of hemoglobin in RBC's after termination of their normal life span. |
| What does blood do? | Transports oxygen and nutrients to body cells, and removes CO2 and other waste products from body cells for elimination |
| MCH | mean cell hemoglobin |
| PTT | partial thromboplastin time |
| What two things make up blood, and what is the percentage of each in the blood? | Plasma (55%), Formed elements (45%) |
| -philia | attraction to |
| tonsils | masses of lymphatic tissue located in a protective ring, just under the mucous membrane, surrounding the mouth and back of the throat |
| acquired immunity | immunity that is a result of the body developing the ability to defend itself against a specific agent, as a result of having had the disease or from having received an immunization against a disease |
| Where is the spleen located? | in the LUQ, just below diaphragm, behind stomach |
| What does PT test for? | evaluates blood clotting factors, used to monitor coumadin therapy |
| antigens | a substance, usually a protein, that causes the formation of an antibody and reacts specifically with that antibody. |
| spher/o | round; sphere |
| sarc/o | flesh |
| What are the five types of anemia? | aplastic, hemolytic, iron deficiency (most common), pernicious, sickle cell |
| hemoglobin | A complex protein-iron compound in the blood that carries oxygen to the cells from the lungs and co2 away from the cells to the lungs. |
| CLL | cholesterol-lowering lipid OR chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
| PT | prothrombin time |
| reticulocyte | an immature erthrocyte characterized by a meshlike pattern of threads and particles at the former site of the nucleus |
| AHG | antihemolytic globulin |
| Where do lymph capillaries originate? | in the tissue spaces as blind-ended sacs |
| -stasis | stopping or controlling |
| G-CSF | graulocyte colony-stimulating factor |
| MCV | mean cell volume |
| anaphylaxis | an exaggerated life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered antigen. |
| What is another name for thrombocyte, and what is its purpose? | platelets, responsible for the clotting of the blood |
Created by:
shelor74