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If your not sure what answer should be entered, press the space bar and the next missing letter will be displayed. When you are all done, you should look back over all your answers and review the ones in red. These ones in red are the ones which you needed help on. Question: Answer: the of cells as a result of interaction with specific antibodies called agglutinins. Question: albuminAnswer: a protein. it helps maintain the blood volume and blood pressure Question: Answer: a substance that can produce a hypersensitive in the body. Question: allergyAnswer: a hypersensitive reaction to normally harmless antigens, most of are environmental. Question: Answer: an exaggerated life-threatening reaction to a previously encountered antigen. Question: Answer: an abnormal condition of the blood by red blood cells of variable and abnormal size. Question: Answer: produced by the body in response to bacteria, viruses, or other foreign substances. Question: Answer: a substance, usually a protein, that causes the formation of an antibody and specifically with that antibody. Question: ascitesAnswer: an abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of a fluid containing large amounts of and electrolytes. Question: basophilAnswer: a white blood cell characerized by cytoplasmic granules that stain blue when exposed to a basic dye. (1% or less of WBC) Question: bilirubinAnswer: the orange-yellow pigment of bile principally by the breakdown of hemoglobin in RBC's after termination of their normal life span. Question: Answer: the process of transforming a liquid into a solid, especially of the . Question: corpuscleAnswer: any cell of the body; a red or blood cell Question: differentiationAnswer: a process in development in which unspecialized cells or tissues are systemically modified and to achieve specific and characteristic physical forms, physiologic functions, and chemical properties Question: dyscrasiaAnswer: an abnormal condition of the or bone marrow, such as leukemia, aplastic anemia, or prenatal Rh incompatibility. Question: edemaAnswer: the abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of Question: Answer: the movement of charged suspended particles a liquid medium in response to changes in an electric field. Charged particles of a given substance migrate in a predictable direction and at a characteristic speed Question: enzymeAnswer: an organic substance that initiates and accelerates a reaction Question: Answer: a granulocytic, bilobed leukocyte somewhat larger than a neutrophil characterized by large numbers of coarse, refractile, cytoplasmic granules that stain with the acid dye Question: Answer: an increase in the number of RBC's Question: Answer: an immature Question: erythrocyteAnswer: a mature Question: Answer: the of RBC production Question: Answer: a hormone synthesized mainly in the kidneys and into the bloodstream in response to anoxia. The hormone acts to stimulate and regulate the production of erythrocytes and is thus abble to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Question: fibrinAnswer: a , insoluble protein that is the substance of a blood clot Question: fibrinogenAnswer: a plasma protein converted into fibrin by thrombin in the presence of ions. Question: Answer: a group of four globulin protein that become bound by the iron in heme molecules to form hemoglobin Question: globulinAnswer: a plasma protein made in the liver. Globulin helps in the of antibodies. Question: granulocyteAnswer: a type of leukocyte characterized by the presence of granules Question: hematologistAnswer: a medical specialist in the field of Question: hematologyAnswer: the scientific study of blood and -forming tissues Question: Answer: the pigmented, iron-containing, portion of the hemoglobin molecule. Heme binds and carries oxygen in the RBC's, releasing it to tissues that give off excess amounts of CO2 Question: hemoglobinAnswer: A complex protein-iron compound in the blood that carries oxygen to the cells from the and co2 away from the cells to the lungs. Question: Answer: the breakdown of RBC's and the release of hemoglobin that occurs normally at the end of the life span of a red Question: hemorrhageAnswer: a loss of a amount of blood in a short period of time, either externally or internally. it can be arterial, venous, or capillary. Question: Answer: the termination of bleeding by mechanical or chemical means or by the complex process of the body, consisting of vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and thrombin and fibrin synthesis Question: heparinAnswer: a naturally occurring factor present in the body Question: Answer: an increased level of albumin in the Question: , hyperlipidemiaAnswer: an excessive level of blood fats, usually caused by lipase deficiency or a defect in the conversion of low-density lipoproteins to high-density lipoproteins Question: ionAnswer: an charged particle Question: Answer: a WBC, one of the elements of the circulating blood system Question: Answer: an abnormal decrease in number of WBC's to fewer than 5000 cells per millimeter Question: megakaryocyteAnswer: an extrememly large bone cell Question: Answer: a large mononuclear Question: myeloidAnswer: of or to the bone marrow or the spinal cord Question: neutrophilAnswer: a polymorphonuclear (multilobed nucleus) granular leukocyte that easily with neutral dyes. Question: Answer: a marked reduction in the number of the RBC's, WBC's, and Question: picaAnswer: a craving to eat unusual, non-food , including but not limited to things such as clay, dirt, starch, chalk, glue, ice, and hair. this appetite disorder occurs w/ some nutritional deficiencies (iron deficiency anemia)& can occur w/pg Question: Answer: the watery, straw-colored, fluid portion of the lymph and the blood in the leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets are suspended. Question: plateletAnswer: a clotting cell; a Question: Answer: a plasma protein precursor of . It is synthesized in the liver if adequate vit K is present Question: reticulocyteAnswer: an immature erthrocyte characterized by a meshlike pattern of threads and at the former site of the nucleus Question: septicemiaAnswer: systemic infection in which pathogens are present in the bloodstream, having spread from an infection in any part of the body Question: Answer: a change in serologic tests from negative to positive as antibodies develop in reaction to an or vaccine Question: serologyAnswer: the branch of laboratory medicine that studies serum for evidence of infection by evaluating antigen-antibody reactions. Question: Answer: also called blood serum. The clear, thin, and sticky fluid portion of the blood that remains after coagulation. Serum contains no cells, platelets, or fibrinogen Question: splenomegalyAnswer: an enlargement of the spleen Question: stem Answer: a formative cell; a cell daughter cells may give rise to other cell types Question: thrombinAnswer: an formed form prothrombin, calcium, and thromboplastin in plasma during the clotting process. It causes fibrinogen to change to fibrin, which is essential in the formation of a clot. Question: Answer: a clotting cell; a Question: thrombocytopeniaAnswer: an abnormal hematologic condition in which the number of platelets is Question: Answer: a complex substance that initiates the clotting process by converting prothrombin into thrombin in the of calcium ion Question: Answer: a clot Question: Answer: antibody Question: Answer: antigen Question: ABOAnswer: blood groups: A, AB, B, & Question: AHFAnswer: antihemophilic Question: Answer: antihemolytic Question: Answer: acute lymphatic Question: AMLAnswer: myelogenous leukemia Question: Answer: bone transplant Question: Answer: complete blood(cell) Question: CLLAnswer: cholesterol-lowering lipid OR chronic lymphocytic Question: diff.diag.Answer: differential Question: eos.Answer: Question: ESRAnswer: sedimentation rate Question: G-CSFAnswer: colony-stimulating factor Question: GM-CSFAnswer: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating Question: Hb, Hbg, Answer: hemoglobin Question: HctAnswer: Question: HDLAnswer: high-density Question: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, Answer: A, D, E, G, M Question: Answer: low-density Question: Answer: lymphocyte Question: Answer: mean cell Question: MCHCAnswer: mean cell hemoglobin Question: Answer: mean cell Question: mono.Answer: Question: poly.Answer: polymorphonuclear Question: Answer: polymorphonuclear (leukocytes) Question: PAAnswer: pernicious Question: PTAnswer: prothrombin Question: Answer: partial thromboplastin Question: RBCAnswer: red cell (erythrocyte) Question: Answer: segmented Question: Answer: very-low-density Question: Answer: blood cell (leukocyte) Question: acquired Answer: immunity that is a result of the body developing the ability to defend itself against a specific agent, as a result of had the disease or from having received an immunization against a disease Question: adenoidsAnswer: masses of lymphatic tissue located near the of the nasal cavity into the pharynx; also called the pharyngeal tonsils Question: edemaAnswer: the of fluid within the tissue spaces Question: hypersensitivityAnswer: an abnormal condition characterized by an reaction to a particular stimulus Question: immune reaction (immune )Answer: a defense function of the body that antibodies to destroy invading antigens and malignancies Question: immunityAnswer: the state of being resistant to or protected from a . The individual is said to be "immune" Question: immunizationAnswer: the of creating immunity to a specific disease Question: immunologistAnswer: the specialist whose training ande experience is concentrated in immunology Question: Answer: the study of the reaction of tissues of the system of the body to antigenic stimulation Question: Answer: a special treatment of responses that administers increasingly large doses of the offending allergens to gradually develop immunity. Question: reactionAnswer: a reaction to that occurs at the site it was administered Question: Answer: interstitial fluid picked up by the lymphatic capillaries and eventually returned to the . once the interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic vessels, it is knows as lymph Question: lymphadenopathyAnswer: any of the lymph nodes or lymph vessels, characterized by localized or generalized enlargement Question: lymphocyteAnswer: small, agranulocytic originating from fetal stem cells and developing in the bone marrow Question: Answer: any phagocytic cell involved in the defense against infection and in the disposal of the of the breakdown of cells. macrophages are foiund in the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, lungs, brain, and spinal cord Question: natural Answer: with which we are born; also called genetic immunity Question: pathogensAnswer: disease-producing Question: phagocytosisAnswer: the of a cell engulfing and destroying bacteria Question: Answer: the body's to counteract the effects of pathogens and other harmful agents Question: susceptibleAnswer: a state of having a lack of resistance to and other harmful agents. Question: T cellsAnswer: cells important to the immune response. they mature in the thymus, then enter blood and throughout the body, providing defense against disease by attacking foreign, and/or abnormal cells. Question: Answer: masses of lymphatic tissue located in a protective ring, just under the mucous , surrounding the mouth and back of the throat Question: /oAnswer: to clump Question: aniso-Answer: Question: bas/oAnswer: Question: /o, -blastAnswer: stage of development Question: chrom/oAnswer: Question: /oAnswer: clotting Question: cyt/oAnswer: Question: -emiaAnswer: condition Question: /oAnswer: red, Question: -globinAnswer: protein Question: hem/o; /oAnswer: Question: is/oAnswer: Question: kary/oAnswer: Question: leuk/oAnswer: Question: -lyticAnswer: Question: mono-Answer: Question: morph/oAnswer: form, Question: myel/oAnswer: bone marrow or cord Question: nucle/oAnswer: Question: -oidAnswer: Question: -osisAnswer: Question: -peniaAnswer: decrease in; Question: -phage; phag/oAnswer: to Question: -philiaAnswer: attraction Question: -phoresisAnswer: Question: -poiesisAnswer: Question: -poikil/oAnswer: ; irregular Question: sider/oAnswer: Question: /oAnswer: ; sphere Question: -stasisAnswer: stopping or Question: /oAnswer: clot Question: /oAnswer: immune; Question: /oAnswer: lymph Question: /oAnswer: lymph Question: /oAnswer: lymph Question: mon/oAnswer: Question: sarc/oAnswer: Question: What are the body's two main ?Answer: blood and Question: How is circulated?Answer: by the action of the through the arteries and veins Question: How does move?Answer: It is propelled in one direction, away from its source, through lymph vessels, to drain into large veins of the system and back to the heart Question: What does do?Answer: Transports oxygen and nutrients to body cells, and removes CO2 and other waste products from body for elimination Question: What two make up blood, and what is the percentage of each in the blood?Answer: Plasma (55%), Formed (45%) Question: What are the formed of blood?Answer: RBC's (erythrocytes), WBC's (leukocytes), and (thrombocytes) Question: What are the 3 proteins and what do they do?Answer: albumins (60%) - help maintain normal blood volume and BP. Globulins (36%) - transport lipids and fat-soluble vits in the , and function in immunity. Fibrinogen (4%) - Largest of the plasma proteins, fewest in #, essential in blood clotting Question: What is an , what does it look like, and what does it do?Answer: Red Blood Cell, tiny biconcave-shaped disks, thinner in center than around edges, there is no nucleus in a mature RBC, life span 120 days, formed in bone marrow, main component hemoglobin. its primary is to transport O2 & CO2. Question: What is a leukocyte, what does it do, and how is than an erythrocyte?Answer: WBC. It is the body's main defense against the invasion of pathogens. They are than erythrocytes, but fewer in #, a mature WBC has a nucleus, and it does not contain hemoglobin Question: What are the two categories of ?Answer: Granulocytes and Question: What is the main between granulocytes and agranulocytes?Answer: granulocytes gramules in their cytoplasm, and agranulocytes don't. Question: What are of granulocytes?Answer: , eosinophils, and basophils Question: What are examples of ?Answer: and lymphocytes Question: What is similar between granulocytes and agranulocytes in the way they infection? different?Answer: They both engulf and destroy bacteria. However agranulocytes can also produce antibodies that destroy and viruses. Question: What is another name for , and what is its purpose?Answer: platelets, responsible for the clotting of the Question: What are the in human blood type due to?Answer: the presence or absence of molecules Question: What will result if the wrong blood type is ?Answer: the in the blood will attack the antigens in the "foreign" blood and result in agglutination Question: What are the four blood types and percentage of each?Answer: A - 41%, B - 10%, AB - 4%, O - 45% Question: What differentiates the four types?Answer: The blood type corresponds to the antigen present on RBC, whatever antigen they have, the antibody is present in the plasma. ie: Blood Type A has A-antigen on RBC and anti-B antibody in plasma. Question: What blood type is the donor? Universal recipient?Answer: Type O - donor, Type AB - Question: What is another antigen, besides A & B that can be on the RBC?Answer: Rh factor Question: What are the two concerns with the Rh ?Answer: 1. if Rh- exposed to Rh+ blood via transfusion, then the next transfusion, agglutination could occur. 2. Rh- mom giving birth to Rh+ baby can cause destruction of the fetal RBC's Question: What do release during the process of clotting?Answer: thromboplastin Question: What does do?Answer: It prothrombin to thrombin Question: What does do?Answer: converts into fibrin Question: What is serum?Answer: the clear, thin, and sticky fluid portion of the that remains after coagulation, it contains no blood cells, platelets, or fibrinogen. Plasma - clotting factors = serum Question: What are the symptoms of ?Answer: fatigue, paleness of skin, headache, fainting, tingling sensations and numbness, loss of appetite, swelling in extremities, dyspnea Question: What are the five of anemia?Answer: aplastic, hemolytic, iron deficiency (most ), pernicious, sickle cell Question: What is ?Answer: different hereditary inadequacies of coagulation factors resulting in prolonged bleeding - can cause extreme blood loss and can be fatal. Question: What is ?Answer: exessive uncontrolled increase in number of immature WBC's in the blood which eventually leads to infection, anemia and thrombocytopenia (reduction in ) Question: What is Vera?Answer: abnormal increase in the number of RBC's, granulocytes, and thrombocytes to an increase in blood volume and viscosity resulting in congestion in spleen and liver Question: What does a bone biopsy look for?Answer: evaluates the number, shape, and size of the RBC's, WBC's, and platelet precursors. This is used to dx leukemias, some anemias, and platelet counts. Question: What does a CBC ?Answer: a series of test performed on peripheral blood, that inexpensively screens for problems in the body: RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC indicies, WBC count, WBC differential, blood smear, platelet Question: What is the ESR used for?Answer: measures the rate of RBC's settling out in a tube of blood, marker of inflammation Question: What is with the Hct?Answer: the RBC % in total blood volume, this is affected by such factors as dehydration, drugs, and high Question: What is with the Hb/ Hgb/ Hbg test?Answer: concentration measurement of in peripheral blood Question: What is with the DIFF?Answer: It is the measurement of the percentage of each specific type of circulating WBC's present in one cubic mm of peripheral blood, it msrs neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, & Question: What is time?Answer: of time required for bleeding to stop, especially relevant in pts taking blood thinners Question: What does the PTT test for?Answer: evaluates blood clotting factors in the , determines how long it takes for fibrin clots to form, used to monitor heparin therapy Question: What does PT test for?Answer: blood clotting factors, used to monitor coumadin therapy Question: What is the function of the system?Answer: it is important to the immune , it produces antibodies and lymphocytes important to immunity. it also helps to maintain a balance of fluid in the internal environment. Question: What are the four of the lymphatic system?Answer: lymph fluid, lymph vessels, nodes (lymph glands), lymphatic organs Question: How are lymph vessels from blood vessels?Answer: lymph vessels do not form a circuit and they originate in intercellular spaces of soft tissues of the body Question: What are the smallest vessels?Answer: lymph Question: Where do lymph capillaries ?Answer: in the tissue spaces as -ended sacs Question: What do the capillaries do?Answer: pick up accumulated fluid and return it to the blood Question: What is the fluid inside the lymphatic vessel as?Answer: lymph Question: Are vessels smaller or larger than capillaries?Answer: Question: What do the lymph do?Answer: receive lymph from lymphatic capillaries, the valve prevents backward flow of fluid so that the lymph is only transported in one direction away from the tissue and the thoracic cavity Question: What are lymph ?Answer: collections of lymphatic , also called lymph glands Question: What does lymph do as it through the stationary lymph nodes?Answer: old, dead cells and bacteria present are filtered out, engulf and destroy any bacteria present. Question: What are the two ducts of the system?Answer: Right lymphatic duct and duct. Question: What does the do?Answer: secretes thymosin - stimulates red bone marrow to produce T lymphocytes (T-cells) which is in immune response, the T-cells mature in the thymus Question: What is the largest lymphatic in the body?Answer: the Question: Where is the located?Answer: in the LUQ, just below , behind stomach Question: What does the do?Answer: plays an role in the immune response by filtering blood by removing pathogens & old RBC's Question: What are the ?Answer: of lymphatic tissue located in protective ring, just under the mucous membrane. They surround the mouth and back of throat and serve as the first line of defense from the external environment Question: What are the three organs?Answer: thymus, , and tonsils Question: What is natural ?Answer: immunity with which we are born, Question: What is immunity?Answer: body has ability to defend itself against a specific agent, either through receiving an immunization or having had the particular disease. Question: What is ?Answer: process of creating immunity to a disease Question: What is an reaction?Answer: defense mechanism of the body, produces antibodies to invading antigens and malignancies Question: What are some pathological conditions of the system?Answer: AIDS, Kaposi's Sarcoma, , mononucleosis Question: What are the diagnostic for AIDS?Answer: -linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Western blot. |
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