Transcription/Transl Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the difference between DNA and RNA? | RNA is single stranded instead of double stranded, contains uracil instead of thymine, contains ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose |
| What is a gene? | A segment of DNA that codes for a protein |
| What is a trait? | seen when enough of a protein is made (hair color, eye color, etc.) |
| DNA is ________________________ into RNA. | transcribed |
| RNA is __________________________ into an amino acid sequence. | translated |
| What do amino acids make up? | proteins |
| What is a phenotype? | an observable trait |
| Which enzyme binds to one strand of DNA, reads the gene, and joins RNA nucleotides to form a complementary single stranded messenger RNA (mRNA)> | RNA polymerase |
| What does mRNA do after it is transcribed? | Travels through the nuclear pores into the cytoplasm |
| What is a codon? | a sequence of 3 nucleotides |
| What organelle does the mRNA bind to? | a ribosome |
| What are ribosomes made out of? | rRNA and proteins |
| What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA)? | to transfer amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome to build a protein |
| Are there different types of tRNA? | Yes, there is one from each of the 20 amino acids |
| Once a protein is translated, what happens? | It folds into a 3D shape and causes a phenotype |
| What is the start codon? | AUG, methionine |
| What is a stop codon? | When protein synthesis stops, and the protein is released from the ribosome. |
| What are the steps when given a DNA sequence and asked for the amino acid sequence? | transcribe the DNA to a mRNA sequence. Translate codons of the mRNA sequence into amino acids. |
| What does it mean that the genetic code is universal? | Every species codons code for the same amino acids |
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zahnsg
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