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Transcription/Transl

Transcription and Translation

QuestionAnswer
What is the difference between DNA and RNA? RNA is single stranded instead of double stranded, contains uracil instead of thymine, contains ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose
What is a gene? A segment of DNA that codes for a protein
What is a trait? seen when enough of a protein is made (hair color, eye color, etc.)
DNA is ________________________ into RNA. transcribed
RNA is __________________________ into an amino acid sequence. translated
What do amino acids make up? proteins
What is a phenotype? an observable trait
Which enzyme binds to one strand of DNA, reads the gene, and joins RNA nucleotides to form a complementary single stranded messenger RNA (mRNA)> RNA polymerase
What does mRNA do after it is transcribed? Travels through the nuclear pores into the cytoplasm
What is a codon? a sequence of 3 nucleotides
What organelle does the mRNA bind to? a ribosome
What are ribosomes made out of? rRNA and proteins
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA)? to transfer amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome to build a protein
Are there different types of tRNA? Yes, there is one from each of the 20 amino acids
Once a protein is translated, what happens? It folds into a 3D shape and causes a phenotype
What is the start codon? AUG, methionine
What is a stop codon? When protein synthesis stops, and the protein is released from the ribosome.
What are the steps when given a DNA sequence and asked for the amino acid sequence? transcribe the DNA to a mRNA sequence. Translate codons of the mRNA sequence into amino acids.
What does it mean that the genetic code is universal? Every species codons code for the same amino acids
Created by: zahnsg
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