Vascular sonography Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
| Question | Answer |
| Echogenic material is visualized where? | Within the vein lumen |
| What type of material prevents complete compression of vein walls? | Echogenic material |
| In cases where intraluminal echoes are difficult to visualize, what can used to determine the presence of a thrombus? | Increased transducer compression to deform artery can help determine the presence of a thrombus |
| Duplex imaging cannot only detect presence of a thrombus but also what? | The age of a thrombus, which determines the treatment options |
| What are the characteristic of acute thrombus? | Lightly echogenic or hypoechoic thrombus, Poorly attached to vessel wall, Often in center of lumen, Spongy texture of thrombus, Dilated vein, "Rouleaux" flow |
| What is Rouleaux flow? | Slow flow, moves with respirations |
| What does Rouleaux flow suggest? | Proximal obstruction |
| Acute thrombosis is what? | The newly formed thrombus is the fluid and solid contents captured in the thrombin net |
| What type of thrombus can be invisible on ultrasound? | Acute thrombosis |
| What type of thrombus is poorly attached making it more likely to embolize and cause PE? | Acute thrombosis |
| What type of thrombus is emergent in the deep system? | Acute thrombosis |
| Thrombus should be considered _______ until proven otherwise? | Acute |
| When does an acute thrombus typically turn subacute? | typically at 4-12 weeks |
| What may determine acute vs. subacute thrombus? | D-dimer |
| What does a positive D-dimer indicate? | Indicates significant thrombus formation |
| What does a negative D-dimer indicate? | Indicates acute process is not occurring |
| What are the characteristics of Chronic Thrombus? | Brightly echogenic, Well-attached to vessel wall, Rigid texture of thrombus, Contracted vein (only if obstructed), Vessel retracts with aging thrombus, Large collateral, Several months old |
| What is capable of dissolving Venous Thrombosis? | The Thrombolytic system |
| How long does it take for a thrombus to become chronic? | Several months |
| Chronically thrombosed veins may be difficult to differentiate from what? | Surrounding tissue |
| Does chronic thrombus always obstruct the vein? | NO, not always |
| A chronic thromus may appear as a what within the vein? | A thin scar |
| What are phleboliths? | Calcifications |
| Absence of color flow and spectral waveform will be seen in what? | Completely thrombosed veins |
| If there is no augmentation with distal compression what does that mean? | Mean that the obstruction is located between the transducer and the site of distal compression |
| What does continuous flow (non-phasic with respiration) indicate? | Indicates more proximal obstruction and that the pressure in vein exceeds pressure changes within the abdomen during respiration |
| What are 3 types of abnormal flow? | Non-spontaneous flow, pulsatile flow, and Alternating antegrade & retrograde flow |
| If there is non-spontaneous flow where would the possible obstruction be? | Possible obstruction DISTAL to interrogation site |
| What is associated with pulsatile flow? | Arteriovenous fistulae, Systemic venous HTN, Right heart failure (CHF), Pulmonary HTN (fluid overload) |
| What is extrinsic pressure? | Pressure from surrounding structures can alter flow patterns. Ex- Pregnancy, or a tumor |
| What is alternating antegrade and retrograde flow usually a result of? | Valve damage- it is abnormal |
| What can retrograde flow occur with? | Can occur with normal respiration and/or upon provocative maneuvers (valsalva, augmentation) |
| Increased reversal flow with proximal compression (valsalva) indicates what? | "Venous Reflux" |
| What is May-Thurner Syndrome? | Left Common iliac Vein compression (& potentially thrombosis) by the Right Common iliac Artery. Right Common iliac Artery compresses Left Common iliac Vein |
| What is Phlegmasia Alba Dolens? | Extensive iliofemoral DVT that causes marked swelling of lower extremity with pain, pitting edema and blanching |
| What is Phlegmasia Alba Dolens also known as? | Milk leg or White leg |
| What is Phlegmasis Cerulea Dolens? | An extension of Phlegmasia Alba Dolens, causes even more massive sweeling, more severe pain, and cyanosis of limb |
| What happened to venous outlfow with Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens? | Venous outflow is completely obstructed, May result in arterial insufficiency and venous gangrene |
| What are some Non-vascular incidental findings? | Cysts & Hematomas, Edema, Abscesses, Enlarged lymph nodes, Tumors |
| What are some Vascular incidental findings? | Aneurysms, Pseudo-aneurysms, Arteriovenous fistulas, and significant arterial disease |
| Always confirm the presence of a thrombus with that? | Grey scale imaging |
| Is it necessary to use angle correct in Venous Doppler? | NO |
| What angle correction will increase sensitivity to flow? | 60-70 degress (must use on the JCC comp) |
| Popliteal Cyst can mimic what? | Popliteal DVT, it will not be continous with the popliteal vein or lie along the popliteal atery course when turned to SAG. |
| What does unilateral continuous flow indicate? | Proximal obstruction, or Extrinsic Compression from mass |
| Bilateral continuous flow indicates what? | Shallow breathing, Supine PT, or IVC obstruction-usually bilateral swelling |
| If Venous and Arterial studies are both ordered what do you do? | ALWAYS do Venous first |
| What are the characteristics of Arterial symptoms? | Progressive symptoms, Intermittent pain, Foot/Limb Coolness, Rest pain in feet, and Very painful ulcers (gangrene, narcosis) |
| What are the characteristics of Venous symptoms? | Acute onset, Persistent pain in calf/thigh, Redness of limb, Limb swelling/warmth, Local tenderness, "Homan's sign", Palpable Subcutaneous Card, Stasis Dermatitis, Shallow/irregular ulcers. SOB, CP |
| What are 3 other imaging procedures? | Conventional Contrast Venography (uncommon), Computed Tomography Venography (used to define status of iliac veins) Magnetic Resonance Venography (used to detect DVT, Most useful when above the inguinal ligament) |
| What is the primary treatment option for DVT? | Primary health treatment is Anticoagulation |
| What are other treatment measures for DVT? | Gradient elastic stockings, and Thrombolytic agents and thrombectomies |
Created by:
EmilyGriffin
Popular Sonography sets