Skeletat sys. Review Word Scramble
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| Term | Definition |
| Number of Phalanges in Upper & Lower Extremities | Each extremity has 14 phalanges, with every finger/toe having 3 bones, excluding the thumbs and big toe, which only have 2. There are 56 phalanges total |
| Diaphysis | The shaft or central part of a long bone |
| Bone Marrow | The material in bones that produces red blood cells, platelets and some white blood cells. Red Marrow: Produces red blood cells, platelets and white blood cells. Yellow marrow: White blood cells and storage area for fat cells or soft tissue in diaphysis. |
| Fontanels | Spaces/Soft spots that allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs, typically in a fetus when ossification is not done and sutures not fully formed. Made of membrane/cartilage that turn into bone by around 18 months. Main: par/frontal |
| Sutures | Areas where the cranial bone have joined together; stitch or row of stitches between two bones like in the skull |
| Where floating ribs connect on the posterior side | Connects to the vertebrae, rather than3: sternum |
| Joints | Areas where two or more bones join together 3 types of joints: Diarthrosis/synoval, Amphiathrosis, Synathrosis |
| Number of ribs and names | First 7: True ribs Next: False Ribs Last 2: Floating ribs Total: 24 |
| Vertebrae- Location and name | First 7: Cervical- Back of neck Next 12: Thoracic - Behind ribcage, heart, etc. Next 5: Lumbar- Lower Back Sacrum: (1-5 fused)- Bottom of spine Coccyx: (1-4 fused)- Aka tailbone, bottom of spine Total: 26 bones |
| Invertebral disks | Act as shock absorbers between each vertebrae in the spinal column by keeping the vertebrae separated in case of impact during activity. Protects nerves that run down spine |
| Bursitis | An inflammation of the bursae, which are small fluid-filled sacs surrounding the joints, to decrease friction. It frequently affects joints that perform frequent repetitive motions like the shoulder, elbows, hips or knees. |
| Comminuted and compound/open fractures | Comminuted: A break or splinter of the bone in two or more fragments. Compound: An injury in which a broken bone pierces the skin, causing risk of infection |
| Scoliosis | A side to side, or lateral curvature of the spine |
| Kyphosis | Aka the hunchback, and is a rounded bowing of the back of the thoracic area |
| Axial Skeleton Bones | Includes: Skull (28 bones, with auditory ossicles), Hyoid Bone (1), Vertebral column (26), Thoracic cage- ribs and sternum (25) 80 total bones |
| Appendicular skeleton Bones | Includes:Pectoral girdle (2 scapulas, 2 clavicles), Upper limbs (1 arm, 2 forearm, 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, 3 phalanges per finger, 2 in thumb), Pelvic girdle (2 coxae), Lower limbs ( 1 thigh, 2 leg, 7 tarsals, 5 metatarsal, 3 phalanges, 2 in thumb) =128 |
| 5 Functions of the skeletal system | 1.Framework: Supports the body- holds skin, fat and muscles 2.Protection: Protects vital organs 3.Levers: Provides movement- muscles attach to bones 4.Production of blood cells 5. Storage: Stores calcium, phosphorus and fats |
| Number of adult bones | 206 |
| Tendons | Bands of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones |
| Ligaments | Fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone |
| The shaft of long bones is called | Diaphysis |
| Rickets | Disease affecting bone development that creates a softening and weakening of bones in children, typically because of lack of Vitamin D |
| Podiatrist | Foot, leg and ankle surgeon who studies and treats illnesses and injuries to the lower extremities |
| Foramina | Openings in bones that allows nerves and blood vessels to enter/leave the bone |
| Bones that form the elbow | Humerus, Ulna, Radius |
| Synathrosis | A type of joint that allows little to no movement under normal conditions. Most of these joints are fibrous. Ex: Upper part of the skull |
| Dislocation | When a bone is forcibly displaced from a joint. Frequently occurs in shoulders,fingers, hips, knees, etc. Treated with puttimg back into place or cast |
| Sprain | Injury to a joint accompanied by the stretching or tearing if ligaments |
| Strain | Injury caused by excessive stretching or misuse of a muscle |
| Cervical vertebrae | First: Atlas Second: Axis |
| Os coxae Bones | Includes: Illium, ischium, and pubis |
| Osteoporosis | Disorder of Increased porosity or softening of the bone caused by a hormone deficiency, prolonged lack of calcium in diet and a sedentary lifestyle |
| Herniated or ruptured disc | Occurs when an invertebral disk ruptures or protrudes out of place, causing pressure on the spinal nerve |
| Long bones | Connected with large movement, are long cylindrical with growth heads (epiphyses), which is covered by articular cartilage at either end. Outer layer- Hard, called compact bone Inside- Spongy, called cancellous bone Ex: Femur, Humerus, phalanges |
| Short bones | Almost cube shaped, associated with smaller, more complex movements. Ex: Carpals and Tarsals |
| Flat bones | Protect internal organs Ex: Shull, ribs, scapula, sternum. pelvic girdle |
| Irregular bones | Irregular in shape Ex: Vertebrae, some facial bones |
| Sesamoid bones | Small bones held within tendons, cartilage separated (acts as shock absorber) Ex: Patella |
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rockylover1111
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