nrtc OB chapter 4 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
ante | before |
antepartum | time before delivery |
Gravida | any pregnancy, regardless of duration, including the present one |
prenatal | time before birth |
Nulligravida | a woman who has never been pregnant |
Para | # of births after 20weeks gestation, regardless of whether the infants were born alive or dead |
Preterm | pregnancy that ends after 20weeks and before 37weeks gestation |
Postterm | pregnancy that goes beyond 40weeks gestation |
Primigravida | a woman pregnant for the first time |
Multigravida | a woman who is in her second or subsequent pregnancy |
Nullipara | a woman who has not given birth at more than 20weeks gestation |
Primipara | a woman who has given birth to a fetus (dead/alive) that had reached at least 20weeks gestation |
Multipara | a woman who has given birth 2 or more times to fetuses that had reached at least 20weeks gestation |
Stillbirth | a fetus born dead after 20weeks gestation |
EDD | estimated date of delivery |
GTPALM | used for recording a woman's pregnancy history |
Nagele's Rule | used to determine the woman's estimated date of delivery |
how is Nagele's Rule done | identify the 1st day of the last normal menstrual period/count backwards 3months/add 7 days |
lunar months are used for what | calculating pregnancy |
abortion | pregnancy terminated before the fetus reaches 20weeks gestation- also can be referred to as a miscarriage |
what are the 3 categories of signs of possible pregnancy | presumptive (suggest)/probable (probably)/ positive (definite) |
how early in the pregnancy is the hormone hCG present in the woman's urine | as early as 1week after conception |
pregnancy tests are considered what category of pregnancy signs | probable sign |
name some presumptive signs of pregnancy | amenorrhea, N/V, frequent urination, fatigue, quickening, breast tenderness |
name some probable signs of pregnancy | uterine enlargement, pigmentation changes, Goodell's sign, Hegar's sign. Chadwick's sign, Ballottement, Braxton Hicks contractions, positive pregnancy test |
what is a positive sign of pregnancy | Ultrasound visualization |
Goodell's Sign | softening of cervix |
Hegar's Sign | softening of lower portion of uterus |
Chadwick's Sign | bluish purple discoloration of vaginal mucous membrane caused by increased vascularity or pelvic congestion |
Ballottement | rebounding of fetus in amniotic fluid felt by examiner during pelvic examination |
Braxton Hicks Contractions | painless, irregular uterine contractions; may be felt by the woman as a tightening across the abdomen |
signs & symptoms of the first trimester | positive pregnancy test, amenorrhea, fainting, morning nausea, heartburn, odor sensitivity, pigmentation deepens on the face/abdomen, weight gain, abdomen enlarges, frequent urination |
signs & symptoms of the second trimester | occasional pain in groin, increased sexual pleasure/desire, white discharge, orthostatic hypotension, anemia, perineal itching, pressure on rectum, leg muscle spasms, abnormal labs, stress with exercise, mood swings, constipation, stuffy nose, gingivitis |
more signs & symptoms of second trimester | leaking colostrum from nipples, tingling fingers, sensitivity to medications, DVT, fetus moves/kicks |
signs & symptoms of third trimester | leaking colostrum from nipples, voice changes, easily tired, gestational hypertension, increased risk for carpal tunnel, decreased appetite, shortness of breath, varicose veins, lightening, delivery |
lightening | fetal head engages and the uterus "drops" |
what stimulates the growth of the uterus | estrogen & progesterone |
name the hormones essential in pregnancy | estrogen, progesterone, thyroxine (T4), hCG, hPL, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, relaxin, prolactin, oxytocin |
effacement | thinning of the cervix |
dilation | enlargement of the opening to the cervix |
what causes the softening of the cervix | hormonal influence that causes an increased blood supply, increase in secretions from the cervical glands |
what is the mucous plug | barrier to prevent organisms from entering the uterus-formed by secretions from cervical glands-usually expelled during labor |
what is the role of the hormone Relaxin | relaxes the symphysis pubis and other pelvic joints and ripening the cervix in preparation for labor |
Montgomery's glands | lubricate/protect the nipple in preparation for breastfeeding |
Striae | pinkish-white lines caused by stretching of the elastic tissues as the breasts enlarge |
colostrum | thin, yellowish fluid excreted by the breasts as early as the 10th week of gestation-"pre-milk" |
how is Lactation initiated | profound drop in estrogen/progesterone levels after delivery of the placenta-allows an increase in prolactin levels |
supine hypotensive syndrome (aortocaval compression) | vena cava compressed when a pregnant woman lies flat on her back-decreases cardiac output |
when is cardiac output best for the pregnant woman | lying on her side |
the pregnant woman breathes more deeply for what reason | to maintain oxygen for herself and her fetus |
oxygen consumption increases to what percent during pregnancy | 15-40% |
normal Hemoglobin in pregnant women | 11-12 |
normal Hematocrit in pregnant women | 33-46 |
normal RBCs level in pregnant women | 4.5-6.5 |
normal WBCs level in pregnant women | 5000-15000-rises to 25000 during labor & postpartum |
normal Fibrinogen levels in pregnant women | 300-600 |
why do pregnant women experience dyspnea | increased pressure the uterus places on the diaphragm |
why do pregnant women experience epistaxis (nose bleeds) | increased vascularity from increased estrogen |
gestational diabetes | periodic hyperglycemia occurring during pregnancy |
why do pregnant women have an increased risk of UTI | because of stasis of urine in the bladder |
asymptomatic bacteriuria | bacteria in the urine |
why does Renal Plasma Flow increase by 75% | to remove metabolic wastes of the mother and fetus |
pyelonephritis | infection of the upper urinary tract |
fluid retention in pregnant women poses a major problem during labor for what reason | if she already has fluid retention and is given IV fluids containing oxytocin (Pitocin) it can result in water intoxication |
"waddling gait" | fetal head settles into the pelvis and a slight separation of the symphysis pubis occurs-facilitates the passing of the fetus through the pelvis |
diastasis recti abdominis | rectus abdominis muscles separate during pregnancy |
why is carpal tunnel common in pregnant women | weight gain and edema cause compression of the medial nerve-particularly around the wrist |
chloasma (melisma) | blotchy/brownish "mask of pregnancy"-linea alba darkens and becomes a darkened line in the abdomen-called linea nigra |
striae gravidarum | stretch marks-pinkish or purple lines caused by a weakening of the elastic tissues |
increased levels of estrogen & progesterone do what to the liver | alter hepatic functions and cause accumulation of drugs (medicines) in the body |
Body image | a person's perception of his/her own body |
the 4 aspects of body image | appearance, function, sensation, mobility |
FDA Pregnancy Risk Category A | evidence of fetal harm is remote-no risk |
FDA Pregnancy Risk Category B | animal studies have not shown a risk in second or third trimesters-no data on first trimester |
FDA Pregnancy Risk Category C | animal studies show negative effect on the fetus but not yet proven on the pregnant woman-risk cannot be ruled out |
FDA Pregnancy Risk Category D | positive evidence of fetal damage when the drug is used during pregnancy-need for drug should be carefully evaluated |
FDA Pregnancy Risk Category X | human/animal studies show definite fetal risks-should NOT be used during pregnancy |
what are the 4 developmental tasks the pregnant women goes through | pregnancy validation, fetal embodiment, fetal distinction, role transition |
what are the 3 stages the expectant father goes through | announcement phase, adjustment phase, focus phase |
elderly primips | mothers that become pregnant for the first time after 35yrs of age |
Created by:
ABusey83
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