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nrtc OB chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ante | before |
| antepartum | time before delivery |
| Gravida | any pregnancy, regardless of duration, including the present one |
| prenatal | time before birth |
| Nulligravida | a woman who has never been pregnant |
| Para | # of births after 20weeks gestation, regardless of whether the infants were born alive or dead |
| Preterm | pregnancy that ends after 20weeks and before 37weeks gestation |
| Postterm | pregnancy that goes beyond 40weeks gestation |
| Primigravida | a woman pregnant for the first time |
| Multigravida | a woman who is in her second or subsequent pregnancy |
| Nullipara | a woman who has not given birth at more than 20weeks gestation |
| Primipara | a woman who has given birth to a fetus (dead/alive) that had reached at least 20weeks gestation |
| Multipara | a woman who has given birth 2 or more times to fetuses that had reached at least 20weeks gestation |
| Stillbirth | a fetus born dead after 20weeks gestation |
| EDD | estimated date of delivery |
| GTPALM | used for recording a woman's pregnancy history |
| Nagele's Rule | used to determine the woman's estimated date of delivery |
| how is Nagele's Rule done | identify the 1st day of the last normal menstrual period/count backwards 3months/add 7 days |
| lunar months are used for what | calculating pregnancy |
| abortion | pregnancy terminated before the fetus reaches 20weeks gestation- also can be referred to as a miscarriage |
| what are the 3 categories of signs of possible pregnancy | presumptive (suggest)/probable (probably)/ positive (definite) |
| how early in the pregnancy is the hormone hCG present in the woman's urine | as early as 1week after conception |
| pregnancy tests are considered what category of pregnancy signs | probable sign |
| name some presumptive signs of pregnancy | amenorrhea, N/V, frequent urination, fatigue, quickening, breast tenderness |
| name some probable signs of pregnancy | uterine enlargement, pigmentation changes, Goodell's sign, Hegar's sign. Chadwick's sign, Ballottement, Braxton Hicks contractions, positive pregnancy test |
| what is a positive sign of pregnancy | Ultrasound visualization |
| Goodell's Sign | softening of cervix |
| Hegar's Sign | softening of lower portion of uterus |
| Chadwick's Sign | bluish purple discoloration of vaginal mucous membrane caused by increased vascularity or pelvic congestion |
| Ballottement | rebounding of fetus in amniotic fluid felt by examiner during pelvic examination |
| Braxton Hicks Contractions | painless, irregular uterine contractions; may be felt by the woman as a tightening across the abdomen |
| signs & symptoms of the first trimester | positive pregnancy test, amenorrhea, fainting, morning nausea, heartburn, odor sensitivity, pigmentation deepens on the face/abdomen, weight gain, abdomen enlarges, frequent urination |
| signs & symptoms of the second trimester | occasional pain in groin, increased sexual pleasure/desire, white discharge, orthostatic hypotension, anemia, perineal itching, pressure on rectum, leg muscle spasms, abnormal labs, stress with exercise, mood swings, constipation, stuffy nose, gingivitis |
| more signs & symptoms of second trimester | leaking colostrum from nipples, tingling fingers, sensitivity to medications, DVT, fetus moves/kicks |
| signs & symptoms of third trimester | leaking colostrum from nipples, voice changes, easily tired, gestational hypertension, increased risk for carpal tunnel, decreased appetite, shortness of breath, varicose veins, lightening, delivery |
| lightening | fetal head engages and the uterus "drops" |
| what stimulates the growth of the uterus | estrogen & progesterone |
| name the hormones essential in pregnancy | estrogen, progesterone, thyroxine (T4), hCG, hPL, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, relaxin, prolactin, oxytocin |
| effacement | thinning of the cervix |
| dilation | enlargement of the opening to the cervix |
| what causes the softening of the cervix | hormonal influence that causes an increased blood supply, increase in secretions from the cervical glands |
| what is the mucous plug | barrier to prevent organisms from entering the uterus-formed by secretions from cervical glands-usually expelled during labor |
| what is the role of the hormone Relaxin | relaxes the symphysis pubis and other pelvic joints and ripening the cervix in preparation for labor |
| Montgomery's glands | lubricate/protect the nipple in preparation for breastfeeding |
| Striae | pinkish-white lines caused by stretching of the elastic tissues as the breasts enlarge |
| colostrum | thin, yellowish fluid excreted by the breasts as early as the 10th week of gestation-"pre-milk" |
| how is Lactation initiated | profound drop in estrogen/progesterone levels after delivery of the placenta-allows an increase in prolactin levels |
| supine hypotensive syndrome (aortocaval compression) | vena cava compressed when a pregnant woman lies flat on her back-decreases cardiac output |
| when is cardiac output best for the pregnant woman | lying on her side |
| the pregnant woman breathes more deeply for what reason | to maintain oxygen for herself and her fetus |
| oxygen consumption increases to what percent during pregnancy | 15-40% |
| normal Hemoglobin in pregnant women | 11-12 |
| normal Hematocrit in pregnant women | 33-46 |
| normal RBCs level in pregnant women | 4.5-6.5 |
| normal WBCs level in pregnant women | 5000-15000-rises to 25000 during labor & postpartum |
| normal Fibrinogen levels in pregnant women | 300-600 |
| why do pregnant women experience dyspnea | increased pressure the uterus places on the diaphragm |
| why do pregnant women experience epistaxis (nose bleeds) | increased vascularity from increased estrogen |
| gestational diabetes | periodic hyperglycemia occurring during pregnancy |
| why do pregnant women have an increased risk of UTI | because of stasis of urine in the bladder |
| asymptomatic bacteriuria | bacteria in the urine |
| why does Renal Plasma Flow increase by 75% | to remove metabolic wastes of the mother and fetus |
| pyelonephritis | infection of the upper urinary tract |
| fluid retention in pregnant women poses a major problem during labor for what reason | if she already has fluid retention and is given IV fluids containing oxytocin (Pitocin) it can result in water intoxication |
| "waddling gait" | fetal head settles into the pelvis and a slight separation of the symphysis pubis occurs-facilitates the passing of the fetus through the pelvis |
| diastasis recti abdominis | rectus abdominis muscles separate during pregnancy |
| why is carpal tunnel common in pregnant women | weight gain and edema cause compression of the medial nerve-particularly around the wrist |
| chloasma (melisma) | blotchy/brownish "mask of pregnancy"-linea alba darkens and becomes a darkened line in the abdomen-called linea nigra |
| striae gravidarum | stretch marks-pinkish or purple lines caused by a weakening of the elastic tissues |
| increased levels of estrogen & progesterone do what to the liver | alter hepatic functions and cause accumulation of drugs (medicines) in the body |
| Body image | a person's perception of his/her own body |
| the 4 aspects of body image | appearance, function, sensation, mobility |
| FDA Pregnancy Risk Category A | evidence of fetal harm is remote-no risk |
| FDA Pregnancy Risk Category B | animal studies have not shown a risk in second or third trimesters-no data on first trimester |
| FDA Pregnancy Risk Category C | animal studies show negative effect on the fetus but not yet proven on the pregnant woman-risk cannot be ruled out |
| FDA Pregnancy Risk Category D | positive evidence of fetal damage when the drug is used during pregnancy-need for drug should be carefully evaluated |
| FDA Pregnancy Risk Category X | human/animal studies show definite fetal risks-should NOT be used during pregnancy |
| what are the 4 developmental tasks the pregnant women goes through | pregnancy validation, fetal embodiment, fetal distinction, role transition |
| what are the 3 stages the expectant father goes through | announcement phase, adjustment phase, focus phase |
| elderly primips | mothers that become pregnant for the first time after 35yrs of age |
Created by:
ABusey83
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