Bio Lab Quiz 2 Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Question | Answer |
Hallmarks of Multicellularity | Specialization of cells and the cooperation of these cells to maintain life |
Closest living ancestor to animals | Choanoflagellates |
What is required to achieve cooperation of cells | Cell adhesion and cell communication |
Cell adhesion | Cells must adhere to one another, requires genes for cell adhesion proteins |
Why do choanoflagellates have genes needed for multicellularity? | These genes are probably used to stick to surfaces and capture prey but then were repurposed by evolution to perform the functions of cell adhesion and communication in multicelluar animals |
Cell Communication | Required in order for cells to cooperate, requires genes for signaling proteins and protein receptors |
Evolution of multicellularity | Multicellularity has evolved many times independently (convergent evolution) |
Sponges | Multicellular, no tissues, no organs, no organ system; cells is the highest unit in proifera- "pore bearers" |
Spongocoel | The central, open cavity in a sponge through which water flows |
Osculum | A large opening in a sponge through which water flows out of the sponge. Sponges may have more than one oscula. |
Choanocyte | Line the inner cavity of the sponge; have a sticky, funnel-shaped collar that collects food particles and a flagellum to pump water through the sponge. The sponge obtains its nutrients and oxygen by processing flowing water |
Porocyte | Cells with pores that allow water into the sponge; they are located all over the sponge's body |
Mesohyl | The gelatinous layer between the outer body of the sponge and the spongocoel |
Spicule | Sharp spikes (made of calcium carbonate) located in the mesohyl; form the "skeleton" of many sponges |
Amoebocyte | Digests food particles and distributes them |
Symmetry | Asymmetry; asconoids and syconoid sponges have radial symmetry |
Sponges are sessile | Immobile |
Basic tasks of staying alive | Get nutrients (glucose, amino acids, fatty acids) to cells, get rid of indigestible material= ingestion, digestion, absorption elimination. Circulation, gas exchange, excretion, nerve and muscle, and reproduction |
Leucenoids | Most surface area= more choanocytes so can grow bigger in size from nutrients |
Asconoids | Cannot increase in size, because theres a smaller surface area and therefore less choanocytes |
Sponges need to get rid of... | Ammonia |
Sponges are vulnerable to | Attacks by predators, being crowded by other organisms competing for space on reefs, being overgrown which affects water flow, infection by pathogenic microorganisms |
Sponge's Defense | Spicules and chemical toxins |
Porifera Reproduction | Individual sponge produces egg and sperm. Sperm are released and enter another sponge where it fertilizes an egg. A larva develops and is carried out by the water current; it settles down on a surface and develops into an adult sponge |
Sponges are dependent on ____ for staying alive | Water flow |
Gas exchange and excretion between cells and environment | Each cell is on a surface (single layer) so they're all touching seawater; gases and wastes can diffuse across cell membranes |
Parazoa | Only living animals in this clade are sponges |
Focus using 4x objective and 10x objective | Coarse focus knob |
As objective moves up, working distance _____ | Decreases |
Focus using 40x objective | Fine focus knob |
Preferable way to adjust light | Diaphragm |
What are tardigrades? | Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotroph that ingests food... animal! |
Microvilli | Capture small particles |
Working Distance | The distance between the objective that is in place and the slide |
The ocular lenses have a magnifying power of | 10x |
Total magnification of micrscope = | Ocular power (10x) times Objective power (4x, 10x, or 40x) |
Depth of Field | The range of depth that a specimen is in acceptable focus; as magnification increases, depth of field decreases |
Created by:
knuepril
Popular Biology sets