Chapter 28 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
biofilm | a complex communtity of different species of bacteria |
peptidoglycan | carbohydrate polymers linked together by peptide cross-bridges. these often make up bacterial cell walls |
pseudomurein | similar to peptoglycan in structure and function |
gram stain | staining ptocess to identify between two types of bacteria |
gram positive | has a thicker peptidoglycan wall |
gram negative | has less peptidoglycan |
lipopolysaccharide | lipids with polysaccharides attached |
capsule | surrounds the other cell wall layers, gelatinous material |
flagellin | the material flagella are made of |
pili | hair like structures that occur on the cells of gram negative prokaryotes |
endospores | a thick wall around their genome and cytoplasm in order to go dormant and survive extreme stress |
nucleoid region | single double-stranded ring of DNA that is highly condensed to form a visible region of the cell |
conjugation | gene transfer via cell-to-cell contact |
transjuction | gene transfer by virus |
transformation | recieves genes directly from environment |
F-plasmid | independant genetic entity that uses cellular machinery for replication |
Hfr Cell | high frequency of recombination; a cell with an integrated F Plasmid |
generalized transduction | virtually any gene can be transferred |
specialized transduction | only a few genes are transferred |
R Plasmids | plasmids with antibiotic resistance genes |
photoautotrophs | photosynthesis; use sunlight energy to build organic molecules from carbon dioxide |
cyanobacteria | bacteria that use alpha chlorophyll as the key light capturing pigment |
chemolithoautotrophs | ontain energy by oxidizing inorganic substances |
nitrification | oxidize ammonia or nitrite to obtain energy producing the nitrate that plants get from the ground |
photoheterotrophs | light for energy and organic molecules for carbon |
chemoheterotrophs | majority prokaryotes; get energy and carbon form organic molecules |
MDR strains | Multi-drug resistant strains |
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