Biology Terms Word Scramble
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Term | Definition |
Prokaryote | These cells do not contain a nucleus. Example- bacteria |
Eukaryote | These types of cells have a nucleus. Example- plant, animal |
Nucleus | The control center of the cell, where DNA is housed. |
Ribosome | Organelle that is the site of protein synthesis. |
Cell membrane | The semi-permeable boundary found in all cells that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. |
Cell wall | Found only in plant cells, helps protect and support the cell. |
Vacuole | Storage containers for food and water. One large on in plants, many small ones in animals. |
Cytoplasm | Made mostly of water, gelatinous substance that the organelles of the cell are found in. |
Chloroplast | Found only in plant cells, site of photosynthesis. |
Golgi body | This organelle modifies, packages, and sorts proteins. |
Endoplasmic reticulum | Organelle sometimes covered with ribosomes, sometimes not. Act as a tunnel transport system through the cytoplasm. |
Mitochondria | Organelle where cellular respiration takes place. (Turning sugar into energy.) |
Lysosome | Small saclike structures filled with digestive enzymes, help clean up the cell. |
Cilia/Flagella | Hair like projections that help with movement |
Cell | The basic unit of life |
Organelle | A specialized cell structure that carries out specific functions |
Genetics | study of genes or heredity |
Inheritance (heredity) | how traits, or characteristics, are passed on from generation to generation. |
Gregor Mendel | The Father of Genetics |
allele | an alternative form of a single gene passed from generation to generation |
Dominant | The gene that is usually "shown" |
Recessive | the gene that is usually masked or covered up |
Homozygous | organism has two of the same alleles for a specific trait. |
Heterozygous | the organism has different alleles for a specific trait |
Phenotype | The observable trait is called the |
Genotype | the set of genes in our DNA which is responsible for a particular trait |
Phenotype | The observable trait is called the |
Law of Segregation | the two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis |
true-breeding | "pure bred" a homozygous organism |
hybrid | heterozygous organism |
Monohybrid | crossing parents with different alleles for a single trait |
Dihybrid | crossing parents with different alleles for two or more traits in the same plant |
Law of Independent Assortment | A random distribution of alleles occurring during gamete formation |
Punnett squares | show how crosses are made and can calculate the probability of a trait that is passed on. |
Pedigrees | diagrams that trace the inheritance of a particular trait through several generations. |
Simple Dominance | a hetrozygous gene's dominant allele hides the trait of the recessive allele |
Incomplete Dominance | a hetrozygous gene's dominant allele and recessive allele have a "in between" phenotype. |
Codominance | both alleles are expressed in the heterozygous condition. |
Carrying Capacity | The maximum number of individuals of a particular species that an environment can support |
Extinction | The entire disappearance of a species |
Emmigration | The movement of organisms out of an area |
Immigration | The movement of organisms into an area |
Habitat Fragmentation | Splitting of ecosystems into peices |
Primary Succession | Succession that occurs in an area in which no trace of a previous community is present |
Secondary Succession | Type of succession that occurs in an area that was only partially destroyed by disturbances |
Limiting Factor | Factor that causes population growth to decrease |
Ecological Succession | Series of gradual changes that occur in a community following a disturbance |
Biodiversity | The variety of organisms in the biosphere |
Introduced Species | A species that is not native to an area |
Ecosystem | All of the living and nonliving things in an area. |
Community | All the living things in an area. |
Population | A group of the same species in the same place. |
Organism | A single living thing. Example- Fox |
Mutualism | A close relationship where both species benefit. |
Commensalism | A close relationship where one organism benefits and the other is not affected. |
Parasitism | A close relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed. |
Predation | One organism is fed the other is dead. |
Competitive Exclusion Principle | states no two species can occupy the same niche at the same time. |
Niche | The job an organism has within an ecosystem, along with what it eats and what eats it |
Abiotic | Nonliving factors |
Biotic | Living factors. |
Food Chain | Shows the flow of energy in an ecosystem. |
Food Web | A series of connected food chains. |
Symbiosis | A close relationship between two organisms. |
Osmosis | The movement of water from an area of high concentration to low. |
Diffusion | The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low. |
Hypertonic | Concentration of dissolved substances is higher on the outside of the cell. |
Hypotonic | Concentration of dissolved substances is lower on the outside of the cell. |
Isotonic | Concentration of dissolved substances is the same on the inside and outside of the cell. |
Passive Transport | The movements of materials across the cell membrane without the use of energy. |
Active Transport | The movement of materials across the cell membrane with the use of energy. |
Facilitated Diffusion | The movement of materials from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration with the help of transport proteins. |
Endocytosis | Active transport, engulfing material into the cell. |
Exocytosis | Active transport of materials out of the cell. |
Equilibrium | Continuous movement of particles but no overall change in concentration of materials |
Semi-Permeable | Allows some substances in and out of the cell but not others. |
Solvent | Substance in which another substance is dissolved |
Solute | Substance dissolved in a solvent |
Question | How does ________________ effect ________________ |
Hypothesis | Possible explanation for a set of observations or possible answer to a scientific question. An "If then statement" If ________________ then _________________ |
Procedure | somewhat detailed, step - by - step description of how you conducted your experiment. # number of steps |
Data | The data are the values written down as the experiment progresses |
Graph | A nice and neat way of organizing Data |
Quantitative Data | Deals with numbers, Data which can be measured, Length, height, area, volume, weight, speed, time, temperature, humidity, sound levels, cost, members, ages, etc. |
Qualitative Data | Deals with descriptions. Data can be observed but not measured. Colors, textures, smells, tastes, appearance, beauty, etc. |
Human Error | Errors made by humans in a particular experiment. |
Independent variable | elements of an experiment that will change |
Dependent variable | Elements of an experiment that will not change. Also called controlled variable. |
Cell Cycle | The life cycle of a cell,a series of events that take place from one cell division to the next |
Chromosome | Structure in the nucleus that contains hereditary material DNA |
Mitosis | The process our body cells use to divide the nucleus divides to form two identical nuclei |
Interphase | Period of growth and development before cell division. When chromosomes are duplicated |
Prophase | chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear envelope disappears, spindle fibers start to form |
Metaphase | chromosomes, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell |
Anaphase | The sister chromatid separate into individual chromosomes and are moved apart |
Telophase | chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear membranes form; cleavage begins |
Cytokinesis | Division of the cytoplasm following mitosis and the forming of two new cells |
Centromere | area connecting sister chromatids |
Sister Chromatid | When a chromosome is duplicated the two identical parts are know as these |
Cancer | Uncontrolled cell division |
Asexual Reproduction | Type of reproduction where a new exact copy of one parent organism is formed |
Stem Cell | Biological cells found in all multicellular organisms, that can divide (through mitosis) and differentiate into diverse specialized cell types and can self-renew to produce more stem cells. |
meiosis | a process of cell division that allows organisms to reproduce |
haploid cells | cells that contain only one set of chromosomes |
diploid cells | cells than contain two sets of chromosomes, each set from each parent |
zygote | a female germ cell that has been fertilized by a male germ cell and inherits one set of chromosomes from each parent |
gametes | sex cells; including sperm and eggs |
homologous chromosomes | two chromosomes that are paired and have information about the same trait |
somatic cells | all cells besides egg or sperm cells |
tetrad | a four-strand group of chromosomes joined at a point |
crossing-over | an exchange of genetic material between two chromatids |
Created by:
Curt
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