Chapter 9 & 10 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Where is the heart located? | between lungs in MEDIASTINUM |
What are the Apex of the heart? | inferior, lower, pointed end to the left 5th intercostal space |
What is the Base of the heart? | Superior, broader, upper portion |
Fibrous pericardium | outer, prevents overstretching of the heart, provides protection, and anchors the heart in the mediastinum |
Serous pericardium | deeper and contains 2 sublayers: parietal and visceral layer |
Parietal Layer | sublayer of serous pericardium, outer which is fused to the fibrous pericardium |
Visceral Layer | Also known as epicardium, sublayer of serous pericardium, inner portion |
Pericardial fluid | lubricating fluid that reduces friction between the layers as the heart moves |
Epicardium | outer layer of the heart, composed of mesothelium and connective tissue |
Myocardium | thick, middle layer of heart, composed of cardiac muscle tissue |
Endocardium | inner layer of the heart, composed of connective tissue covered by endothelium that is continuous with the endothelium of the blood vessels |
What is the external feature that is located between the atria and ventricles? | Coronary sulcus |
What is the external feature that is located between 2 ventricles? | anterior and posterior interventricular sulcus |
What blood vessels deliver blood to the right atrium? | Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus |
Superior Vena Cava | brings blood from most parts of the body superior to the heart |
Inferior Vena Cava | brings blood from all parts of the body inferior to the diaphragm |
Coronary Sinus | receives blood from most of the vessels draining the wall of the heart |
Fossa Ovalis | oval depression |
Chordate tendineae | heart string tendons that connect papillary muscle |
Papillary muscle | nipple like projected muscle |
trabeculae carneae | irregular surface of ridges |
Right atrium | carry blood back to the heart |
Left atrium | carry blood away from heart |
Correct order in which the blood flows through the valves starting in right atrium? | tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid (mitral), and aortic semilunar |
Interventricular septum | separates two ventricles |
Which side has deoxygenated blood? | right side |
Which side has oxygenated blood? | left side |
Which valve prevents back flow of blood into left ventricle? | Aortic valve |
Which valve prevents back flow of blood into the right ventricle? | Pulmonary semilunar valve |
Which valve prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium? | Tricuspid valve |
Which valve prevents back flow of blood into the left atrium? | Bicuspid valve |
Function of aortic and pulmonary semilunar valve | permit ejection of blood from the ventricles but prevent back flow of blood into the heart |
Function of arteries | carry blood away from the heart |
Function of veins | carry the blood back to the heart |
The right ventricle pumps blood through _____ into the _____ which divides into ________ and ____________ | pulmonary valve, pulmonary trunk, right & left pulmonary arteries |
What vessels carry deoxygenated blood to the heart? | Superior vena cavity, inferior vena cavity, coronary sinus |
What vessels carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart? | Pulmonary Arteries/ trunk |
What vessels carry oxygenated blood toward the heart? | Pulmonary veins |
What vessels carry oxygenated blood away from the heart? | Aorta |
What valves are associated with deoxygenated blood? | Tricuspid and pulmonary |
What valves are associated with oxygenated blood? | Bicuspid and aortic |
What are the branches of the left coronary artery? | anterior inter ventricular branch, circumflex branch |
What are the branches of the right coronary artery? | posterior inter ventricular branch, marginal branch |
Coronary sinus | blood drainage out of the myocardium collects carbon dioxide and wastes and flows in here |
Which chamber of the heart has the thickest wall? | left ventricle |
What are the first paired vessels to branch from the aorta? | right and left coronary arteries that deliver blood to the walls of the heart |
What structure drains the great and middle cardiac veins? | coronary sinus |
Which is the hearts natural pacemaker? | SA Node: sinoatrial node |
Vasa Vasorum | supply oxygen and nutrients to the walls of large blood vessels |
Tunica Interna | consist of endothelium, basement membrane, and internal elastic lamina (inner portion of blood vessels) |
Tunica Media | elastic fibers which provide compliance and smooth muscle fibers (middle portion of blood vessel) |
Tunica Externa | Primarily elastic and collagen fibers, a less prominent external elastic lamina that contains the vasa vasorum in the larger blood vessels (outer portion of blood vessels) |
The thickest layer of an artery? | tunica media |
What arteries function as a pressure reservoir? | large elastic conducting arteries |
What arteries function as distributing arteries? | medium sized muscular arteries |
What are the functions of arterioles? | a very small branch of an artery that delivers blood to a capillary |
What vessels are known as resistance vessels | arterioles |
What vessels permit exchange between the blood and the surrounding interstitial fluids? | microcirulation |
What regulates the blood flow through the capillary? | precapillary sphincter |
3 type of capillaries? | continuous capillaries, fenestrated capillaries, sinusoids |
Continuous capillaries | most common, plasma membranes of the endothelial cells form a continuous tube that is interrupted only by intercellular clefts |
fenestrated capillaries | filtration in kidneys |
Sinusoids | tortuous, in liver, spleen, redbone marrow |
What vessels make up the microculation? | Arteriole, veins, capillary |
Veins | paper thin walls, have valves, function is to prevent back flow of blood and aid in moving blood toward the heart |
Vascular (venous) sinus | a vein with a thin endothelial wall that has no smooth muscle to alter its diameter |
What mechanisms assist the venous return? | respiratory pump mechanism, muscle pump mechanism, pocket valves |
Respiratory pump mechanism | pressure changes occur in the thoracic and abdominal cavities during inspiration and expiration |
Muscle pump mechanism | muscular contractions compress the veins, squeezing blood back towards the heart |
Pocket valves | inside the veins prevent back flow of blood returning to the heart |
Anastomosis | union of branches of two or more arteries supplying the same body region |
End Artery | arteries that do not anastomose |
The largest portion of blood is located in which type of vessels at rest? | systemic veins and venules |
In fetal circulation what vessel carries oxygenated blood? | umbilical vein |
In fetal circulation, how does most of the blood by passes the lungs, and joint the systemic circulation? | ductus anteriosus |
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