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Chapter 9 & 10
The Heart and Blood Vessels
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where is the heart located? | between lungs in MEDIASTINUM |
| What are the Apex of the heart? | inferior, lower, pointed end to the left 5th intercostal space |
| What is the Base of the heart? | Superior, broader, upper portion |
| Fibrous pericardium | outer, prevents overstretching of the heart, provides protection, and anchors the heart in the mediastinum |
| Serous pericardium | deeper and contains 2 sublayers: parietal and visceral layer |
| Parietal Layer | sublayer of serous pericardium, outer which is fused to the fibrous pericardium |
| Visceral Layer | Also known as epicardium, sublayer of serous pericardium, inner portion |
| Pericardial fluid | lubricating fluid that reduces friction between the layers as the heart moves |
| Epicardium | outer layer of the heart, composed of mesothelium and connective tissue |
| Myocardium | thick, middle layer of heart, composed of cardiac muscle tissue |
| Endocardium | inner layer of the heart, composed of connective tissue covered by endothelium that is continuous with the endothelium of the blood vessels |
| What is the external feature that is located between the atria and ventricles? | Coronary sulcus |
| What is the external feature that is located between 2 ventricles? | anterior and posterior interventricular sulcus |
| What blood vessels deliver blood to the right atrium? | Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus |
| Superior Vena Cava | brings blood from most parts of the body superior to the heart |
| Inferior Vena Cava | brings blood from all parts of the body inferior to the diaphragm |
| Coronary Sinus | receives blood from most of the vessels draining the wall of the heart |
| Fossa Ovalis | oval depression |
| Chordate tendineae | heart string tendons that connect papillary muscle |
| Papillary muscle | nipple like projected muscle |
| trabeculae carneae | irregular surface of ridges |
| Right atrium | carry blood back to the heart |
| Left atrium | carry blood away from heart |
| Correct order in which the blood flows through the valves starting in right atrium? | tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid (mitral), and aortic semilunar |
| Interventricular septum | separates two ventricles |
| Which side has deoxygenated blood? | right side |
| Which side has oxygenated blood? | left side |
| Which valve prevents back flow of blood into left ventricle? | Aortic valve |
| Which valve prevents back flow of blood into the right ventricle? | Pulmonary semilunar valve |
| Which valve prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium? | Tricuspid valve |
| Which valve prevents back flow of blood into the left atrium? | Bicuspid valve |
| Function of aortic and pulmonary semilunar valve | permit ejection of blood from the ventricles but prevent back flow of blood into the heart |
| Function of arteries | carry blood away from the heart |
| Function of veins | carry the blood back to the heart |
| The right ventricle pumps blood through _____ into the _____ which divides into ________ and ____________ | pulmonary valve, pulmonary trunk, right & left pulmonary arteries |
| What vessels carry deoxygenated blood to the heart? | Superior vena cavity, inferior vena cavity, coronary sinus |
| What vessels carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart? | Pulmonary Arteries/ trunk |
| What vessels carry oxygenated blood toward the heart? | Pulmonary veins |
| What vessels carry oxygenated blood away from the heart? | Aorta |
| What valves are associated with deoxygenated blood? | Tricuspid and pulmonary |
| What valves are associated with oxygenated blood? | Bicuspid and aortic |
| What are the branches of the left coronary artery? | anterior inter ventricular branch, circumflex branch |
| What are the branches of the right coronary artery? | posterior inter ventricular branch, marginal branch |
| Coronary sinus | blood drainage out of the myocardium collects carbon dioxide and wastes and flows in here |
| Which chamber of the heart has the thickest wall? | left ventricle |
| What are the first paired vessels to branch from the aorta? | right and left coronary arteries that deliver blood to the walls of the heart |
| What structure drains the great and middle cardiac veins? | coronary sinus |
| Which is the hearts natural pacemaker? | SA Node: sinoatrial node |
| Vasa Vasorum | supply oxygen and nutrients to the walls of large blood vessels |
| Tunica Interna | consist of endothelium, basement membrane, and internal elastic lamina (inner portion of blood vessels) |
| Tunica Media | elastic fibers which provide compliance and smooth muscle fibers (middle portion of blood vessel) |
| Tunica Externa | Primarily elastic and collagen fibers, a less prominent external elastic lamina that contains the vasa vasorum in the larger blood vessels (outer portion of blood vessels) |
| The thickest layer of an artery? | tunica media |
| What arteries function as a pressure reservoir? | large elastic conducting arteries |
| What arteries function as distributing arteries? | medium sized muscular arteries |
| What are the functions of arterioles? | a very small branch of an artery that delivers blood to a capillary |
| What vessels are known as resistance vessels | arterioles |
| What vessels permit exchange between the blood and the surrounding interstitial fluids? | microcirulation |
| What regulates the blood flow through the capillary? | precapillary sphincter |
| 3 type of capillaries? | continuous capillaries, fenestrated capillaries, sinusoids |
| Continuous capillaries | most common, plasma membranes of the endothelial cells form a continuous tube that is interrupted only by intercellular clefts |
| fenestrated capillaries | filtration in kidneys |
| Sinusoids | tortuous, in liver, spleen, redbone marrow |
| What vessels make up the microculation? | Arteriole, veins, capillary |
| Veins | paper thin walls, have valves, function is to prevent back flow of blood and aid in moving blood toward the heart |
| Vascular (venous) sinus | a vein with a thin endothelial wall that has no smooth muscle to alter its diameter |
| What mechanisms assist the venous return? | respiratory pump mechanism, muscle pump mechanism, pocket valves |
| Respiratory pump mechanism | pressure changes occur in the thoracic and abdominal cavities during inspiration and expiration |
| Muscle pump mechanism | muscular contractions compress the veins, squeezing blood back towards the heart |
| Pocket valves | inside the veins prevent back flow of blood returning to the heart |
| Anastomosis | union of branches of two or more arteries supplying the same body region |
| End Artery | arteries that do not anastomose |
| The largest portion of blood is located in which type of vessels at rest? | systemic veins and venules |
| In fetal circulation what vessel carries oxygenated blood? | umbilical vein |
| In fetal circulation, how does most of the blood by passes the lungs, and joint the systemic circulation? | ductus anteriosus |
Created by:
_melgozacaroo15
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