APES Review Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
What's High Quality Energy? | Enough energy to knock electrons fom atoms forming ions, capable of causing cancer. Ex. gamma-Xrays-UV. |
What's High Quality Energy? | Organzed & concentrated, can perform useful work. Ex. fossil fuels & nuclear |
What's Low Quality Energy? | Disorganized, dispersed. Ex. heat in ocean or air wind, solar. |
What's the 1st Law of Thermodynamics? | Energy is nether created nor destroyed, but may be converted from one form to another, |
What's the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics? | When energy is changed from one form to another, some useful energy is always degraded into lower quality energy (usually heat). |
What's the estimate of how long a radactive isotope must be stored util it decays to a safe level? | Approximately 10 half-lives |
What's Nuclear Fission? | Nuclei of isotopes split apart when struck by neutrons. |
What's Neclear Fusion? | 2 isotopes of light elements (H) forced together at high temperaturs till they fuse to form a heavier nucleus. Expensive, break even point not reached yet. |
What's Ore? | A rock that contains a large enough concentration of a mineral making it profitable to mine. |
What's Mineral Reserve? | Identified deposits currently profitable to extract. |
What's Half Life? | The time it takes for 1/2 the mas of a radioisotope to decay. |
What's Best Soluion to Energy Shortage? | Conservation & increase efficiency. |
What's Surface Mining? | Cheaper & cn remove more mineral, less hazardous to workers. |
What's Humus? | Organic, dark materials remaining after decomposition by micoorgamnisms. |
What's Leaching? | Removal of dissolved materials from soil by water moving downwards |
What's Illuviation? | Deposit of leached material in lower soil layers (B) |
What's Loam? | Perfect agicultral soil wth equal portions of sand, silt, & clay. |
What's Solutions to Soil Problems? | Conservtion tillage, crop rotation, contour plowing, organic fertillizers. |
What's Parts of the Hydrologic Cycle? | Evaporation, transpiration, runoff, codenation, precipitation, infiltration. |
What's Aquifer? | Any water bearing layer in the ground. |
What's Cone of Depression? | Lowering of the wter table around a pumping well. |
What's Salt Water Intrusion? | Near the cost, overpumping of groundwater causes saltwater to move into the acquifer. |
What's ENSO? | El Nino Southern Oscillation, see-sawing of air pressure over the S. Pacific. |
What's During an El Nino Year? | Trade winds weaken & warm water sloshed back to SA |
What's During a Non EL Nino year? | Easterly trade winds and ocean currents pull warm water in the western Pacific, allowing upwelling of nutrient rich water off the West coast of South America |
What's Efects of El Nino? | Upwelling decreases disrupting food chains, N US has mild winters, SW US has ncreased rainall, less Atlantic Hurricanes. |
What's Nitrogen Fixing? | Because atmospheric N connot be used directly by plants, it must first be converted into ammonia by bacteria. |
What's Ammonification? | Decomposers convert organic waste into ammonia. |
What's Nitrificaion? | Ammonia is converted to nitrate ions (NO-3) |
What's Assimilation? | Inorganic N is converted ito orgnic molecules such as DNA/amino acids & proteins. |
What's Denitrification? | Bacteria convert ammonia back into |
Why Phosphorus does not circulate as easily as N? | Because it does not exist as a gas, but is releases by weathering of phosphate rocks. |
Why soils contains very little phosphorus? | Because it is a major limiting factor for plant growth. |
How excess phosphorus is added to aquatic ecosystems? | By runoff of animal wastes, fertiizers discharge of sewage. |
What's Photosynthesis? | Plants convert atmospheric C (CO2) into comlex carbohydrates (glucose C6H12O) |
What's Aerobic Respiration | Oxyen consuming proucers,consumers & decomposers break down complex organic compounds & convert C back into CO2 |
What's Largest Reservoirs of C? | Carbonate rocks 1st, oceans 2nd. |
What's Biotic/Abiotic? | Living and nonliving components of an ecosystem. |
What's Producer/Autotroph? | Photosynthetic life. |
What's Major Tropic Levels? | Producers-primary consumer-secondary consumer-tertiary consumer |
What's Energy flow in food webs? | Only 10% of the usable energy is transferred. |
Why is only 10% transferred? | Usable energy lost as heat(2nd Law), not all biomas is digested & absorbed, predators expend energy to catch prey. |
What's Primary Succession? | Development of communities in a lifeless area not previously inhabited by life(Lava) |
What's Secondary Succession? | Life progresses where soil remans(clear cut forest) |
What's Mutualism? | Symbiotic relationship were both partners benefit. |
What's Commensalism? | Symbiotic reationship where onepartner benefits & the other is unnaffected? |
What's Parasitism? | Relationship in which one partner obtains nutrients at the expense of the host. |
What's Biome? | Large distinct terrestrial region having similar climate, soil, plats. & animals. |
What's carrying Cspacity? | The number of individuals that can be sustained in an area. |
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Ch4v3z
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