Cells part II Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Question | Answer |
The Plasma membrane is made of: | Phosolipid biylaer which consist of a Hydrophilic head and a Hydrophilic tail |
A phospholipid consist of of | a glycerol, 2fatty acids, Phosphate |
Peripheral proteins are | are enzymes and supporting framework |
Integral or transmembrane proteins: | transport and contain receptors |
Plasma membrane functions are: | Selective barrier • Transport - Active - Passive • Energy production (ATP) - Electron transport chain (prokaryotes) |
Transport across membranes can be : | passive or active |
Passive Transport: | No energy needed • Flow of transported substance • From high to low concentration |
Active Transport: | – Energy needed • Flow of transported substance • From low to high concentration |
Passive transport or Simple diffusion stops when: | reaching equilibrium |
Examples of passive transport are: | • Oxygen and carbon dioxide |
Passive transport Facilitated diffusion is : | No energy required From higher to lower concentration, i.e. Mediated by transporter proteins (permeases) |
Mediated by transporter proteins (permeases) | • Water filled channels • Ions, charged molecules and relatively large molecules |
Osmosis: | Water (solvent) molecules move towards high solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane |
Isotonic solution: | No net movement of water |
Hypotonic (Osmotic Lysis) | water moves into the cell and may cause the cell to burst if the wall is weak or damaged |
Hypertonic (Plasmolysis) | water moves out of the cell causing it to shrink |
Most bacteria cells live in_______? | Hypotonic environments |
Active transport requires ______________. | energy |
The concentration movement in Active transport is: | from low to high |
Transporter/carrier proteins • Simple active transport | Transported molecule does not change |
Group translocation (unique to prokaryotes) | Modification of transported molecule as it enters the cell |
The cytoplasm consist of: | –Water (~80%) –Proteins –Carbohydrates – Lipids – Inorganic ions –DNA –RNA – Inclusions |
Nuclear area (Nucleoid) | No nuclear membrane One chromosome attached to plasma membrane |
species may have 2 chromosomes examples are: | Vibrio spp. Brucella spp |
The chromosomes contain: | About 3,200 genes • Circular double stranded DNA (most) – Linear double stranded DNA (a few, Borrelia spp.) |
Bacterial plasmids | Extrachromosomal genetic material • About 5 to 100 genes • Not crucial for survival • Great variety of genetic traits • Antibiotic resistance, enzymes, toxins, etc • Transferable to other bacteria • Major tool in genetic engineering |
Bacterial ribosomes function: | to make protein |
Two subunits | 30 and 50 S = 70 S (each made of rRNA and protein) |
T/F Bacterial ribosomes are smaller than eukaryote ribosomes. | true |
Inclusions are: | • Reserve deposits (usually polymers) –Lipids, sulfur –Metachromatic granules • Inorganic phosphate –Polysaccharide granules • Starch-like –Gas • Buoyancy |
Molecules concentrated in inclusions_____________. | reduce osmotic pressure |
Endospores are______ | Gram-positives |
Examples of Endospores are : | Bacillus spp. • Clostridium spp |
Endorspores are: | Highly resistant dormant form – Highly dehydrated – Multiple layers – Rich in dipicolinic acid/Ca+ complexes – Provide heat stability |
eukaryotic cell | Larger and more complex than prokaryotes • 10 to 100 m • Membranebound organelles |
Flagella in eukaryotic cells: | –Taxis • Wave-like motion very few and long in length |
Cilia in eukaryotic cells: | Movement of substances over the surface of the cell • Digestive and respiratory tracts numerous and short |
Eukaryotic cells contain: | sterols (cholesterol) in the plasmis membrane |
Eukaryotes passive transport include: | • Diffusion • Facilitated diffusion • Osmosis |
Eukaryotes active transport have no | • No group translocation |
Endocytosis (unique to eukaryotes) | taking things substance into the cell |
Phagocytosis | particles |
Pinocytosis | liquid |
The Cytoskeleton consist of: | Microfilaments – Intermediate filaments – Microtubules |
Cytoskeleton functions include: | Shape – Movement • Entire cell • Substances within the cell |
Nucelus: | Spherical to oval •Contains linear DNA •Replication •DNA→DNA •Transcription •DNA→RNA |
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | Network of sacs next to nucleus • Synthesis of lipids and proteins • Rough ER • Ribosomes (80S) • Smooth ER –Lipid synthesis |
Rough ER | • Ribosomes (80S) |
Smooth ER | –Lipid synthesis |
Golgi Complex | Receives ER products – Sorts – packages – delivers (secretory vesicles) |
Lysosomes | Derived from Golgi complex • Free spheres in cytoplasm • Contain powerful digestive enzymes • Numerous in white blood cells |
Mitochondria multiply | on their own |
Double membrane – Multi-folded inner membrane – Provides a large surface for proteins involved in cellular respiration (ATP synthesis) | mitochondria |
Contains circular DNA • Bacteria-like ribosomes (70S) | mitochondria |
Created by:
1155187441193384
Popular Biology sets