Cell Division Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
in a non-dividing cell what form are chromosomes in? | chromatin (stretched out) |
what happens to the chromatin when a cell divides? | the DNA is copied and the chromatin condenses to form chromosomes |
how many chromosomes do humans have? | 46 grouped into 23 pairs (22 autosomes & 1 pair of sex chromosomes) |
what are homologous pairs? | these are chromosomes that carry the gene coding for the same characteristics |
what is the purpose of mitosis? | it is essential as it replicates cells allowing for old or damaged cells to be replaced and allowing us to grow |
what is the first stage of interphase? | first growth phase |
what happens during the first growth phase? | during this phase the cell grows, performs normal metabolic functions and makes new proteins and organelles |
what is the second stage of interphase? | synthesis phase |
what happens during the synthesis phase? | DNA and chromosomes are replicated, synthesis of DNA |
what is the final stage of interphase? | second growth phase |
what happens during the second growth phase? | the cell grows and prepares for mitosis, some organelles are duplicated |
what is the first stage in mitosis? | prophase |
what happens during prophase (in mitosis)? | the chromosomes become visible, centrioles move to opposite ends and spindle fibers appear |
what is the second stage of mitosis? | metaphase |
what happens during metaphase (in mitosis)? | the chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell and the spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes |
what is the third stage of mitosis? | anaphase |
what happens during anaphase (in mitosis)? | the spindle fibers attach to the centromeres, they split the chromosomes into two |
what is the final stage of mitosis? | telophase |
what happens during telophase (in mitosis)? | the chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell and the nuclear membrane reappears, cytokinesis occurs and two new daughter cells are created |
what is cytokinesis? | division of cytoplasm |
what are the differences during mitosis and animals and plants? | in animals the production if the spindle fibers is via centrioles, in plants its via microtubule organizing centers, in animals the division of cytoplasm occurs via cytokinesis, in plants it occurs via the building of a cell plate |
how long does interphase take to complete? | hours, days, years |
how long does prophase take to complete? | 15-30 minutes |
how long does metaphase take to complete? | 20 minutes |
how long does anaphase take to complete? | 3 minutes |
how long does telophase take to complete? | <10 minutes |
what is cancer? | uncontrolled cell division |
what is a benign tumour? | a tumour that does not spread beyond the area it first developed (non-cancerous) |
what is a malignant tumour? | a tumour that keeps growing and spreading (cancerous) |
what is a diploid cell? | one that has 2 copies of each chromosome (1 from your father, 1 from your mother) |
what is the purpose of miosis? | gamete production |
what are gamete cells? | sexual cells (sperm, eggs etc) |
parent and daughter cells in mitosis? | identical, clones, 2 daughter cells produced (diploid) |
parent and daughter cells in miosis? | genetic variation, 4 daughter cells produced (haploid) |
what needs to occur before miosis can begin? | the chromosomes need to find the homologous pair and duplicate |
how many stages are there in mitosis? | 4 |
how many stages are there in miosis? | 8 |
what happens in prophase 1? | tetrads are formed by the synpasis of homologous pairs, crossover occurs creating genetic variation |
what happens in metaphase 1? | the tetrads align along the middle of the cell, the spindle fibers come out of the centrioles at opposite poles and attach to the chromosome, independent assortment occurs |
what happens in anaphase 1? | the spindle fibers pull the chromosomes to opposite poles, the homologous pairs are separated but the sister chromatids remain together |
what happens in telophase 1? | the chromosomes reach the opposite poles, each with a haploid number of chromosomes, cytokinesis occurs and 2 new daughter cells are produced |
what happens in prophase 2? | no chromosome replication takes place, the nuclear membrane breaks up and the chromosomes become visible |
what happens during metaphase 2? | the chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell, the spindle fibers have come out of the centrioles at opposite ends of the cell and attach to the chromosomes |
what happens during anaphase 2? | the sister chromatids separate and begin moving to opposite poles as they are pulled by the spindle fibers |
what happens during telophase 2? | the nuclear membrane reforms, cytokinesis occurs and 4 new daughter cells are produced |
what happens during crossover? | this occurs at prophase 1, the homologous pairs wrap around each other and sections break off and reattach, new combinations of alleles are now seen |
what happens during independent assortment? | this occurs during metaphase 1, the random arrangement of chromosomes along the middle of the cell lead to different combinations of chromosomes migrating to different poles |
what are haploid cells? | cells with only one set of chromosomes |
what is a tetrad? | two pairs of homologous chromosomes paired together |
what is synapsis? | two chromosomes form a tetrad and begin to exchange segments of the chromosomes |
what is a sister chromatid? | double stranded replicated chromosomes |
Created by:
deannarosee
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