Musculoskeletal Func Word Scramble
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Term | Definition |
Bone | specialized form of connective tissue |
skeleton | 206 bones |
axial skeleton | forms the long axis of the body and includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage |
appendicular skeleton | bones that form the arms, shoulders, pelvis, and legs |
long bones | have diaphyses, that are longer than they are wide, epiphyses at either end, compact bone, and spongy bone that are less dense than the outer regions and contain bone marrow |
diaphyses | bone bodies |
epiphyses | growth plates |
compact bone | hard outer surfaces of bone |
spongy bone | inner region that contain bone marrow |
short bones | as wide as they are long; primarily to provide support and stability with litle movement |
flat bones | strong, level plates of bone that provide protection to the body's vital organs and a base for muscular attachment |
irregular bones | do not fall into any other category due to nonuniform shape |
sesamoid bones | usually short or irregular bones embedded in a tendon. e.g. patella |
periosteum | connective tissue that covers compact bone surfaces; serves as the site of muscle attachment (via tendons). richly supplied with blood vessels that enter the bone at numerous sites |
osteoblasts | outer surface of the periosteum contains cells that aid in remodeling and repair |
bone marrow | inside the shaft of long bones |
red marrow | in newborns serve as blood-cell factory (hematopoiesis) |
yellow marrow | as humans age, red marrow turns to fat, creating yellow marrow. begins to form during adolescence and is present in most bones by adulthood |
osteocyte | complex of osteoblasts that are surrounded by calcified extracellular material |
osteoclasts | cells that break down spongy bone, while osteoblasts build new compact bone to increase bone strength |
matrix | osteocytes are embedded in extracellular material referred to as the matrix consists of calcium phosphate crystals |
appositional growth | new bone forms on the surface of a bone |
endochondral growth | bone eventually replaces new cartilage growth in the ephiphyseal plate |
lamellae | bone tissue contains many osteocytes organized in thin layers |
cartilage | shiny connective tissue that is tough and flexible |
hyaline cartilage | type most closely associated wtih bone and found in joints |
joints | structures that connect bones of the skeleton |
synovial joints | complex and vary significantly; contain cartilage that is lubricated by a transparent viscous fluid (synovial fluid) |
joint capsule | structure that joins one bone to another |
ligaments | parallel bundles of dense connective tissue |
amphiarthroses | slightly moveable joints; in vertebral column |
synarthrose | immoveable joint |
sutures | immoveable joints in the skull |
skeletal muscles | connect to bone |
smooth muscles | line hollow organs, tubes, and are involuntary |
cardiac muscle | heart; involuntary |
tendons | specialized tough cords or bands of dense connective tissue that are continuous extensions of the periosteum |
muscle fiber | cylinder with multiple nuclei |
myofibrils | threadlike structures that extend the entire length of the muscle fiber |
Myofilaments | two types: actin and myosin |
actin | involved in muscular contractions, cellular movement, and cell shape maintenance |
myosin | darker and thicker than actin; fibrous globulins that work with actin to form actomyosin |
sarcomeres | repeated structural units |
Created by:
sonata17
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