Ch 5 Heredity Word Scramble
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Term | Definition |
Heredity | The passing of traits from parents to offsprings |
genetics | the study of how traits are passed on/inherited |
Gregor Mendel | Father of modern genetics. An Austrian monk who studied pea plants to learn how traits are passed from parents to offspring. |
cross-pollination | when sperm in the pollen of one plant fertilize eggs in the flower of another |
self-pollination | sperm from one plant fertilize the eggs of the same plant |
characteristic | a feature that has different forms |
trait | a specific characteristic (ex. height, eye color) |
dominant trait | the trait that always appear |
recessive trait | the trait that is hidden (goes away) |
genes | instructions for an inherited trait. offsprings have 2 sets; one from each parent |
alleles | different versions of a gene. Dominant alleles are given a capital letter and recessive alleles are given a lower case letter |
phenotype | an organisms physical appearance |
genotype | the combination of alleles that an organism gets from its parents/genetic makeup |
homozygous | a plant with 2 dominant or 2 recessive alleles |
heterozygous | a plant with one dominant allele and one recessive allele |
incomplete dominance | traits that do not blend together |
Punnett square | used to predict the possible genotypes of offspring from certain parents |
probability | the mathematical chance that something will happen |
asexual reproduction | only one parent is needed to produce offspring |
sexual reproduction | 2 parents join to form offspring |
homologous chromosome | a pair of chromosomes that carry the same sets of genes |
sex cells | cells that join to make offsprings |
meiosis | a copying process that produces cells with half the number of chromosomes |
sex chromosomes | carry genes that determine sex |
pedigree | a tool for tracing a trait though generations of a family |
selective breeding | breeding plants and animals to produce a desired trait. |
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