Local Anesthesia Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Term | Definition |
Medical Problem: Documented L.A. allergy. | All L.A's of that type (esters or amides): Absolute: L.A. of other type (amide, esters) |
Medical Problem: Malignant Hyperthermia | Amides: Relative: Use amides judiciously |
Medical Problem: Atypical Pseudocholinesterase | Esters: Relative: Amides |
Medical Problem: Significant Liver Dysfunction | Amides: Relative: Use amides judiciously |
Medical Problem: Renal Dysfunction | Esters and Amides: Relative: Amides or esters, but use judiciously |
Medical Problem: Methemoglobinemia | Prilocaine and Benzocaine: Relative: Any other Anesthetics |
Medical Problem: Patient taking Acetaminophens (long term basis may cause Methemoglobinemia) : | Prilocaine and Benzocaine: Relative: Any other anesthetics |
Medical Problem: Patient taking Cimetadine (Tagamet, Zantac) on a regular basis | Amides: Relative: Reduce dosage by one half. Drug reduced liver's capacity to metabolize amide anesthetics. |
Medical Problem: Significant Cardiovascular Disease | High Vasoconstrictor concentrations of local anesthetics: Relative: 3% Mepicacaine 4% Prilocaine Plain 4% Prilocaine w/ 1:200,000 epi |
Medical Problem:Clinical Hyperthyroidism | High vasocontrictor concentrations: Relative: 3% Mepicacaine 4% Prilocaine Plain 4% Prilocaine w/ 1:200,000 epi |
Medical Problem:Hypothyroidism | All L.A.: Relative: Normal dosages could produce overdose since metabolism is significantly diminished |
Medical Problem: Antianxiety drugs Benzodiazepines Ex. Vallium | All L.A. : Relative: Minimize dosages of all anesthetics |
Complication: Fainting | Form of shock-sometimes due to seeing the needle. Low BP, pallor, coolness of skin, perspiration, light-headedness, nausea: Lower chair so legs are elevated, have ammonia ampule handy: Keep pt. as calm as possible, keep needle out of view |
Complication: Muscle Trismus | Trauma to muscle during needle insertion. Hemorrhage. Multiple needle penetrations: Muscle soreness. Limited movement of mandible: Heat therapy 20 min/hr. Analgesics-Ibuprofen. Gum chewing: Watch landmarks. Good technique. Limit # of injections in area |
Complication: Pain (hyperesthesia) : | Poor technique, rapid depositions, needle w/ barbs: Pain: Reassure pt: Topical. Change needle every 3-4 injections |
Complication: Infection | Unsterile instruments: Low grade inflammation resulting in trismus: Penicillin or erythromycin: Aseptic Technique |
Complication: Broken Needle | Sudden, unexpected movement: Instruct pt. to not move. Keep hand in pt.s mouth. Remove w. cotton pliers, if lost refer to oral surgeon: Do not force against resistance. Know landmarks. Do not insert needle past sight. |
Complication: Hematoma | Torn blood vessel: Swelling, discoloration, soreness: Direct pressure for 10 min, Ice pack, Heat 4-6 hrs (20 min/hr): Good Technique, occur w/ proper technique |
Complication: Parethesia | Trauma to nerve, contaminated solutions, hemorrhage: Persistent anesthesia for hours, days or long term: Examine, reassure pt., refer to oral surgeon after 1 yr: Technique, # of injections in one area, do not store carps by cleaning solutions |
Complication: Facial Nerve Paralysis : | Injecting into parotid gland capsule: Loss of motor function, dehydration of cornea: Reassure pt., anesthesia to wear off, manually close eyes: Technique, contact bone prior to injection |
Complication: Post Anesthetic Intraoral Lesions | Trauma to oral tissues: Recurrent apthous stomatitis: Tx. symptoms: No prevention, more suseptable than others |
Complication: Burning | Rapid injection, ph low, warm solution, contaminated: Trismus, edema paresthesia: no tx given: Inject slowly, La w. vaso has lower pH, no contaminated solution |
Complication: Toxicity | Inadvertent IV injection. Slow biotransformation and elimination: High BP, pulse, respiration, pt. becomes apprehensive,depression, low BP, pulse, respiration, convulsion, unconsciousness: Discontinue tx, maintain airway: through patient evaluation |
Complication: Allergic Reaction | antigen-antibody reaction: rash, urticaria: Antihistamines: Thorough medical history |
Complication: Anaphylatic Allergic Reaction | severe form of allergy: sudden onset rash, wheezing: prompt action, administer epi, 911: thorough medical history |
Complication: Idiosyncrasy (any reaction that cannot be classified as toxic or allergic) | genetic aberration, specific drug that induces bizarre clinical manifestation: impossible to outline in advanced: basic life support: do not expose pt. to anything w/ past reaction |
Complication: Contamination | rare: local tissue irritation: none: double check for debris, inject slowly, buy from reliable maker |
Complication: Sloughing of Tissue | Topical anesthetic for prolonged time: epithelial desquamation: reassure pt: use properly, use low concentrations |
Complication: Edema | trauma during injection, infection or allergy: pain, dysfunction, compromised airway: decrease swelling soon, analgesics or antihistamine: good technique, aseptic technique, thorough medical history |
Complication: Lip/Soft Tissue Injury | biting one self while anesthetized: trauma, pain, swelling: analgesics for pain, salkine rinses, lubricated: warn pt. good communication, short acting anesthetic |
Blood Pressure Classification: Normal | 120/80 Tx modifications usually not needed, routine management, recheck in six months |
Blood Pressure Classification: Prehypertension | 120-139 or 80-89 Routine tx ok discuss guidelines w/ pt. |
Blood Pressure Classification: Stage I Hypertension | 140-159 or 90-99 Routine tx ok consider sedation for complex dental or surgical procedures; refer for medical consult |
Blood Pressure Classification: Stage II Hypertension | 160-100 (95) Restrict Vasocontrictor Use |
160-179 or 100-109 | Routine tx ok, restrict vasoconstrictor use consider sedation for complex dental or surgical procedures; refer for medical consult |
180-209 or 110-119 | No dental tx with out medical consultation refer for prompt medical consult/ medical tx |
210-120 | no dental tx refer for emergency medical tx |
ASA Classifications: I: Normal Healthy Individual | Tx modifications usually not needed No abnormalities found, tolerant of stress Normal BP 120-80 |
ASA Classifications: II: Pt. w/ mild to mod. systemic disease | well-controlled epilepsy, asthma, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, and thyroid disorders otherwise healthy pt. will allergies or extreme dental fears prehypertension, adult w/ BP of 120-139/80-89 |
ASA Classifications: III: Pt w. severe systemic disease that limits activity but is not incapacitating | stable angina pectoris 6 months past MI exercise induced asthma, COPD, well controlled insulin dependent diabeties Stage I hypertension: adult BP 140-159/90-99 |
ASA Classifications: IV: pt w/ severe systemic disease that limits activity and is a constant threat to life | Myocardial infarction or CVA within the last 6 months uncontrolled epilepsy, diabetes, COPS with o2 stage 2 hypertension, BP 160-100 |
ASA Classifications V: Moribund pt. not expected to survive 24 hrs w. or w/o an operation | Terminal cancer end-stage renal disease, hepatic disease and infectious disease |
Relative Contraindication: Pt. taking Tricyclic antidepressants (Triavil, Elavil, Norpramin, Tofranil, Aventyl, Vivetil, etc) | Increases the effects of epi. Levonordefrin should be avoided completely. Both may cause acute hypertension and cardiac dysrhythmia. |
Relative Contraindication: Patient taking Phenothaiazides (Tindal, Thorazine, Trilafon, Vesprin, Mellaril, etc.) | Increases risk of hypertension resulting in rebound bradycardia potential cardiac arrest |
Relative Contraindication: Patient taking Non selective beta blockers (indural, Corgard, etc) | increased hypertension resulting in rebound bradycardia potential cardiac arrest |
Relative Contraindication: Cocaine abusers | may lead to myocardial infarction |
Relative Contraindication: Glaucoma | causes increased ocular pressure |
Relative Contraindication: Controlled Diabetes Especially Type I | Vasoconstrictors directly opposes effect of insulin, possible changes in blood levels of glucose |
Relative Contraindication: Controlled Hypertheyroidism | Vasocontrictors effect increased |
Relative Contraindication: Controlled high blood pressure | Very controversial, risks associated with vasoconstrictors, increase in blood pressure. |
Created by:
daisenmurray
Popular Dentistry sets