Bone Tissue & Joints Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
What are the functions of the skeletal system? | Protect, Support,Movements,Mineral & Triglyceride Storage, Blood Cell Formation |
Epiphysis | Expanded ends of long bone . exterior is compact bone and interior is spongy bone. the joint surface is covered with hyaline cartilage. The epiphyseal line separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis. |
Diaphysis | Tubular shaft that forms the axis of long bones composed of compact bone that surrounds the medullary cavity |
Metaphyses | Region where diaphysis joins epiphysis in mature bone . epiphyseal plate allows the diaphysis of a bone to grow in length but not in width in a growing bone |
Articular Cartilage | Hyaline cartilage reduces friction and absorbs shock at freely moveable joint. Lacks a perichondrium. |
Yellow Marrow | Contained in Medullary cavity |
Red Bone Marrow | Contained in spongy bone |
The region of a long bone where the epiphysis and diaphysis join is called the ____. | metaphyses |
What are the two layers of the periosteum? | Outer fibrous layer & inner osteogenic layer |
What are the functions of the periosteum ? | Protect a bone assist in fracture repair nourish bone tissue serve as attachment point for ligaments and tendons |
What does the outer fibrous layer contain ? | Dense irregular connective tissue |
What does the inner osteogenic layer contain? | Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts |
Does the periosteum cover articular cartilage ? | no |
What are the characteristics and functions of osteocytes? | derive from osteoblasts ; mature bone cells , maintain bone tissue. |
What are the characteristics and functions of osteoblasts ? | bone building cells ; form bone matrix |
What are the characteristics and functions of osteoclasts ? | derive from monocytes. Resorption & destruction of bone matrix |
A structural unit of compact bone is an | osteon |
The central canal of an osteon contains | nerves , blood vessels & lymphatic vessels |
What is the structure of a central canal ? | Runs longitudinally through the bone contains haversion canal. Blood vessels and nerves & lymphatic vessels |
What is the structure of inner circumferential Lamellae? | Encircle the medullary cavity |
What is the structure of concentric Lamellae? | around the canals |
What is the structure of interstitial Lamellae ? | area between osteons |
What is the structure of perforating canal? | place where blood vessels , lypmphatic vessels and nerves penetrate the compact bone |
What is the structure of canaliculi ? | filled with extracellular fluiid , fingerlike processes of ostecytes. |
What is the structure of lacunae ? | between the lamellae. |
What is a characteristic of spongy bone tissue but not of compact bone tissue? | spongy bone has red bone marrow and trabeculae |
What is the intramembranous ossification ? | when the bone forms directly w/mesenchyme arranged in sheet like layers. |
What bones does a intramembranous ossification produce? | flat bones |
What is endochondral ossification ? | when bone is formed within hyaline cartilage and develops mesenchyme . |
What are the major steps in endochondral ossification ? | Development Of Cartilage Model Growth Of Cartilage Model Development Of Primary Ossification Development Of Medullary Cavity Development Of Secondry Ossification Formation Of Articular Cartilage & Epiphyseal Plate |
What does the presence of an epiphyseal line indicate ? | epiphyseal growth has ended |
Normal bone growth and replacement on the presence of ..... | Several Minerals , Several Vitamens , |
What is a colles fracture ? | frature of the distal end of radius; occurs in children & in winter |
What is a Potts fracture ? | fracture of the distal end of fibula |
What is a impacted fracture? | one end of fractured bone is forcefully driven into the interior of the other |
What is a greenstick fracture? | incomplete fracture where one side of the bone breaks and the other side bends ; occurs only in children |
What is a comminuted fracture? | bone fragements into three or more pieces ; common in elderly |
What is a open fracture? | Broken ends of bones were true to the skin muscle is open and there's more chance of infection |
What is a closed fracture? | Fracture that does not break the skin |
What is the struture of outer circumferential lamellae? | beneath the periosteum |
What type of joint contains a joint cavity ? | Synovial |
Which type of joint has the most movement ? | Diarthrosis |
What are the dense irregular or regular connetive tissue structures that bind one bone to another bone ? | |
What structures are the most responsible for holding bones together at a synovial joint ? | Ligaments |
What secretes the synovial fluid? | Synovial Fluid |
What are the functions of the synovial fluid ? | Lubrication , Supply nutrients and remove wastes for cartilages, Phagocytic cells remove microbes and debris. |
Can ligaments be extracapsular or intracapsular ? | Both |
Gliding Movement | One flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface |
Flexion | Bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint |
Extension | reverse flexion ; joint angle is increased |
Dorsiflexion & Plantar Flexion | up and down movement of the foot |
Abduction | movement away from the midline |
Adduction | movement toward the midline |
Circumduction | movement describes a cone in space |
Rotation | turning of the bone around its own long axis . between two first vertebrae |
Supination | inversion |
Pronation | eversion |
Protraction | elevation |
Retraction | depression |
Suture | Synarthrosis. Frontal suture |
Syndesmosis | Amphiarthrosis. Distal tibiofibular |
Interosseous Membrane | Amphiarthrosis. Between tibia and fibula |
Synchondrosis | Synarthrosis. Epiphyseal plate |
Symphysis | Amphiarthrosis . Intervertebral joints, pubic synthesis . |
Planar | Diarthrosis . Biaxial. Side to side gliding . Intercarpal, intertarsal, sterno coastal. |
Hinge | Monoaxial, flexion extension. Elbow and knee, interphalangeal |
Pivot | Monoaxial, rotation. Atlantoaxial |
Condyloid | Biaxial, flexion extension, abduction and adduction,. Radiocarpal, metacarpophalangeal ( 2nd to 5th ) |
Saddle | Triaxial, flexion extension, abduction adduction, rotation. Between trapezium and 1st metacarpal . |
Ball & Socket | Tritiaxial, flexion extension, abduction adduction, circumduction, rotation. Shoulder and hip joints . |
Synarthrosis | Immovable joint |
Amphiarthrosis | Slightly movable joint |
Diarthrosis | Freely movable joint. All diarthrosis are synovial joints |
Fibrous | Bones held together by fibrous connective tissue . No synovial cavity |
Cartilaginous | Held together by cartilage, no synovial cavity |
Synovial | United by the dense irregular connective tissue of an articular capsule, has a synovial cavity |
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lin_linxo
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