AP Gov ch 4 Word Scramble
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| Term | Definition |
| amendability | the provision for the Constitution to be changed, so as to adapt to new circumstances |
| bicameral legislature | legislature with two chambers |
| block grant | federal funds provided for a broad purpose, unrestricted by detailed requirements and regulations |
| categorical grant | federal funds provided for a specific purpose, restricted by detailed instructions, regulations, and compliance standards |
| checks and balances | the principle that allows each branch of government to exercise some form of control over the others |
| concurrent powers | powers that are shared by both the federal and state governments |
| confederal systems | governments in which local units hold all the power |
| cooperative federalism | the federal system umder which the national and state governments share responsibilities for most domestic policy areas |
| devolution | the transfer of powers and responsibilities from the federal government to the states |
| dual federalism | the federal system under which the national and state governments are responsible for separate policy areas |
| Electoral College | an intermediary body that elects the president |
| enumerated powers of Congress | congressional powers specifically named in the Constitution (Article 1, Section 8) |
| executive | the branch of government responsible for putting laws into effect |
| fusion of powers | an alternative to separation of powers, combining or blending branches of government |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | Supreme Court ruling (1824) establishing national authority over interstate business |
| initiative | citizen petitions to place a proposal or constitutional amendment on the ballot, to be adopted or rejected by majority vote, bypassing the legislature |
| judicial power | the power to interpret laws and judge whether a law has been broken |
| judicial review | the power of the Supreme Court to rule on the constitutionality of laws |
| legislative supremacy | an alternative to judicial review, the acceptance of legislative acts as the final law of the land |
| legislature | the body of government that makes laws |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | Supreme Court ruling (1819) confirming the supremacy of national over state government |
| necessary and proper clause | constitutional authorization for Congress to make any law required to carry out its powers |
| nullifications | declaration by a state that a federal law is void within its borders |
| parliamentary system | government in which the executive is chosen by the legislature from among its members and the two branches are merged |
| presidential system | government in which the executive is chosen independently of the legislature and the two branches are separate |
| recall elections | votes to remove elected officials from office |
| referendum | an election in which a bill passed by the state legislature is submitted to voters for approval |
| republic | a government in which decisions are made through representatives of the people |
| separation of powers | the institutional arrangement that assigns judicial, executive, and legislative powers to different persons or groups, thereby limiting the powers of each |
| supremacy clause | constitutional declaration (Article VI) that the Constitution and laws made under its provisions are the supreme law of the land |
| unfunded mandate | a federal order mandating that states operate and pay for a program created at the national level |
| unicameral legislature | a legislature with one chamber |
| unitary system | government in which all power is centralized |
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