8th Science Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Science | the study of the matter and movement of God's physical creation |
Matter | the substance of the physical world; anything that occupies space or has substance is matter |
Pedology | the study of soil |
Scientific method | an organized way for scientist to gather and pursue scientific knowledge |
The three main components of the scientific method are ___, ___, and ___. | hypothesizing, observing, experimenting |
Hypothesis | a simple explanation to a problem |
Hypothesizing | to speculate, or think seriously, about the objects and events of nature and then formulating a hypothesis |
Observation | involves gathering data (facts) about nature |
Experimentation | to methodically test a hypotheses |
You must test your experiment ___ ___ ___. | more than once |
What are the six steps of the scientific method? | 1. State the problem 2. Gather information 3. Formulate a hypothesis 4. Test the hypothesis 5. Record and analyze 6. State the conclusions |
Scientific law | this is formed when a scientific theory has never been proven false |
Experimental groups | the groups on which a test is performed |
Control group | The group used as a standard for comparison |
By comparing the results of the ___ and ___ ___, you gain support for weather or not your hypothesis is accurate. | experimental, control group |
Constants | conditions that stay the same in both the control group and the experimental group |
Variables | conditions present only in an experimental group |
When testing a hypothesis, use ___ variable for each experiment. | one |
Atoms | the most basic units of matter |
Atoms linked together in groups are called ___. | molecules |
Mass | measures the amount of matter in an object |
Weight | measures the pull of gravity on an object |
Volume | the amount of space that matter takes up |
Density | measures how tightly packed matter is |
Soil is composed of ___ and ____ materials. | organic, mineral |
Organic material | primarily derived from living organisms |
Mineral materials | primarily derived from nonliving matter, such as minerals and rocks |
Decompose | break down |
Humus | a substance composed of decayed organisms' particles |
Humus is important for what? | enriching the soil with nutrients; it also stores large amounts of water as a sponge would |
Recycling | reusing old materials |
Topsoil | the top two to six inches of soil; easily eroded by rain and is quickly depleted of nutrients by plants |
Weathering | the processes that break rocks down into soil |
Subsoil | lighter colored than topsoil because it contains less organic material |
Bedrock | the layer of rocks under the subsoil |
The combination of ___ ____ of mineral particles determines the texture of the soil. | different sizes |
Sand | course and gritty with large, easily seen particles; allows air in the soil |
Silt | has particles smaller that sands' |
Clay | has the smallest particles |
Silty soil | contains a high weight percentage of silt |
Clayey soil | has a high weight percentage of clay, therefore this soil is the most difficult for water and air to move through, but it does easily allow water and nutrients to be absorbed |
Loam | contains a range of sand, silt, clay, and humus mixtures |
The color of soil depends on what? | the amount of organic matter and types of minerals present |
Munsell charts | provide standard names and descriptions of colors |
What are the three different ways scientist use to define soil? | acidic, neutral, and basic |
pH scale | scientists use this to express the degree of acidity or basicity |
Most plants grow best in soil that is what? | neutral or slightly acidic |
Nutrients | nourishing substances |
The three most important mineral nutrients for plants are ___, ___, and ___. | nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium |
Elements | substances composed of only one type of atom |
Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are called what? | the primary plant food elements |
Phosphates | phosphorus is generally in the form of this in fertilizers |
Potash | the form potassium is usually in in fertilizers |
Nitrogen | affects the growth of plants; stimulates rapid growth of leaves |
Nitrogen cycle | when nitrogen is moved from the air to the soil to be used by plants and then back to the air |
Compounds | substances containing two or more elements bonded together |
Nitrates | carried to the soil by rain |
Ammonia | a basic compound of nitrogen and hydrogen |
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria | converts elemental nitrogen into nitrogen compounds |
Nodules | bumps on roots |
Nitrifying bacteria | converts ammonia to nitrates |
Denitrifying bacteria | returns nitrogen to the atmosphere by converting nitrogen from nitrates into atmospheric nitrogen |
Pedologist | scientists who study soil |
Anaerobic | to thrive without oxygen |
Phosphorus | essential for cell division and growth and promotes plant maturation |
Potassium | primary function is to contribute to the general health of the plant and improve disease resistance; it encourages root growth and fruit formation |
If no ___ is available to the roots, the plant will suffocate. | air |
Pore spaces | hold oxygen from the air in the soil |
Impermeable | nonporous |
Saturated | when the pore spaces are completely filled with water |
Ground water | any collected water below the soil's surface |
Water table | the upper surface of ground water |
The depth of the water table depends on what two factors? | the size and number of pores in the rocks and soil, and the amount of recent rainfall |
Aquifer | porous rock or a gravel-soil mixture that can hold water |
Artesian well | a "self pumping" well |
The ___ a straw is, the higher the level of water inside of it will be. | thinner |
Capillarity (or capillarity action) | the upward movement of water through a tiny space in response to surface tension |
Created by:
nelsonclan
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