Chapter 8 Word Scramble
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Term | Definition |
epidermis | outer layer of the skin; consists of 5 layers, which vary in thickness at different areas of the body; no blood vessels or nerves |
dermis | thick layer of connective tissue that includes elastic & collagen fibers and varies in thickness over the body; consist of nerves & blood vessels |
keratin | a protein found in the skin, hair, & nails |
macule | small flat, circumscribed lesion of a different color |
cellulitis | infection of dermis and subcutaneous tissue |
excoration | abrasion or injury to skin |
denuded | stripping off skin, leaving bare |
atopic | inherited tendancy toward allergic conditions |
skin lesions | helpful in making a diagnosis |
autoinoculation | transfer by fingers of microbes from one site to another |
Herpes Simplex Type 1 | cold sores or fever blisters |
pustule | elevated, erythematous lesion containing purulent exudate |
albinism | recessive trait leading to lack of melanin production |
lichenification | thick & leathery patches |
Kaposi Sarcoma | purplish macules often on face, scalp, oral mucosa |
scabies | invasion by a mite into epidermis causing inflammation/pruritis |
candida infections | fungal infection |
squamous cell carcinoma | painless, malignant tumor of epidermis |
pemphigus | autoantibodies disrupt cohesion between epidermal cells |
keratoses | benign lesions usually associated with aging |
sebum | keeps the hair & skin soft & retards fluid loss |
skin | largest organ in the body |
papule | small, firm, elevated lesion |
nodule | palpable elevated lesion; varies in size |
vesicle | elevated, thin-walled lesion containing clear fluid (blister) |
plaque | large, slightly elevated lesion with flat surface, often topped by scale |
crust | dry, rough surface or dried exudate or blood |
keloid | raised, irregular, & increasing mass of collagen resulting from excessive scar tissue formation |
fissure | small, deep, linear crack or tear in skin |
ulcer | cavity with loss of tissue from the epidermis & dermis, often weeping or bleeding |
erosion | shallow, moist cavity in epidermis |
comedone | mass of sebum, keratin, & debris blocking the opening of a hair follicle |
Contact Dermatitis | may be caused by exposure to an allergen or by direct chemical or mechanical irritation of the skin |
Urticaria | hives; results from a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, commonly caused by ingested substances such as shellfish or certain fruits or drugs |
Atopic Dermatitis | eczema; affected skin appears dry & scaling with thick & leathery patches |
Psoriasis | chronic inflammatory skin disorder marked by remissions & exacerbations. Results from abnormal activation of T cells & an associated increase in cytokines in affected tissue. |
Scleroderma | collagen deposition in the arterioles & capillaries reduces blood flow to the skin and/or internal organs leading to hard, shiny, tight, immovable areas of the skin |
Furuncles | boil; an infection usually by S. aureus, which begins in a hair follicle & spreads into the surrounding dermis |
Impetigo | highly contagious infection caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci; lesions commonly occur on the face & begin as small vesicles, which rapidly enlarge & rupture to form yellowish-brown crusty masses |
Acute Necrotizing Fasciitis | flesh-eating disease characterized by bacterial invasion with rapid tissue destruction and septic shock |
Leprosy | contagious disease that affects the skin, mucous membranes, & nerves, causing discoloration and lumps on the skin and, in severe cases, disfigurement & deformities & can lead to loss of limbs |
Herpes Simplex 2 | genital herpes |
Verrucae | warts; caused by HPVs |
Mycoses | fungal infections such as tinea, which may affect the feet, the scalp, or the body |
tinea capitis | an infection of the scalp |
tinea corporis | fungal infection of the body, particularly the non-hairy parts |
tinea pedis | athlete's foot; involves the feet, particularly the toes |
tinea unguium | an infection of the nails, particularly the toenails |
Pediculosis | lice; may infect the scalp or body, thriving on human blood |
"ABCD" Signs that a mole may be malanoma | 1. Area of the mole is increase 2. Border is irregular 3. Color is changed in the mole 4. Diameter of the mole is increased |
stratum basale | innermost layer of the epidermis; located on the basement membrane |
melanin | dark pigment |
vitiligo | small areas of hypopigmentation |
melisma or chloasma | patches of darker skin, often on the face |
sebaceous glands | produce an oily secretion |
sweat glands | helps us to cool off when overheated |
2 types of sweat glands | Eccrine & Apocrine |
Eccrine | glands that are located all over the body and secrete sweat through pores onto the skin in response to increased heat or emotional stress (SNS control) |
Apocrine | sweat glands that are located in the axillae, scalp, face, and external genitalia |
Functions of the skin | 1. When unbroken, it provides the first line of defense 2. Prevents excessive fluid loss 3. Controls body temperature 4. Plays as a defense against environmental hazards, as a learning tool 5. Synthesis & activation of Vitamin D |
Malignant melanoma | arising from a nevus, grows quickly & metastasizes early |
Viral Infections | Herpes Simplex Type 1(cold sores) Herpes Simplex Type 2 (genital herpes) Verrucae (warts) |
Fungal Infections | Tinea Capitis (infection of the scalp) Tinea Corporis (infection of the body; non-hairy parts) Tinea Pedis (athlete's foot) |
Bacterial Infections | Cellulitis Furuncles (boil) Impetigo (yellowish-brown lesions which commonly occur on the face) Acute Necrotizing Fasciitis Leprosy |
Inflammatory Disorders | Contact Dermatitis Urticaria (hives) Atopic Dermatitis (eczema) Psoriasis Pemphigus Scleroderma |
Systemic infections | chickenpox, or allergies to ingested food or drugs |
Localized infections | exposure to toxins |
Squamous Cell Carcinoma | a slow-growing tumor common to exposed areas |
Malignant Melanoma | arising from nevus, grows quickly & metastasizes early |
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mschumacher1
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