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Chapter 8
Skin Disorders
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| epidermis | outer layer of the skin; consists of 5 layers, which vary in thickness at different areas of the body; no blood vessels or nerves |
| dermis | thick layer of connective tissue that includes elastic & collagen fibers and varies in thickness over the body; consist of nerves & blood vessels |
| keratin | a protein found in the skin, hair, & nails |
| macule | small flat, circumscribed lesion of a different color |
| cellulitis | infection of dermis and subcutaneous tissue |
| excoration | abrasion or injury to skin |
| denuded | stripping off skin, leaving bare |
| atopic | inherited tendancy toward allergic conditions |
| skin lesions | helpful in making a diagnosis |
| autoinoculation | transfer by fingers of microbes from one site to another |
| Herpes Simplex Type 1 | cold sores or fever blisters |
| pustule | elevated, erythematous lesion containing purulent exudate |
| albinism | recessive trait leading to lack of melanin production |
| lichenification | thick & leathery patches |
| Kaposi Sarcoma | purplish macules often on face, scalp, oral mucosa |
| scabies | invasion by a mite into epidermis causing inflammation/pruritis |
| candida infections | fungal infection |
| squamous cell carcinoma | painless, malignant tumor of epidermis |
| pemphigus | autoantibodies disrupt cohesion between epidermal cells |
| keratoses | benign lesions usually associated with aging |
| sebum | keeps the hair & skin soft & retards fluid loss |
| skin | largest organ in the body |
| papule | small, firm, elevated lesion |
| nodule | palpable elevated lesion; varies in size |
| vesicle | elevated, thin-walled lesion containing clear fluid (blister) |
| plaque | large, slightly elevated lesion with flat surface, often topped by scale |
| crust | dry, rough surface or dried exudate or blood |
| keloid | raised, irregular, & increasing mass of collagen resulting from excessive scar tissue formation |
| fissure | small, deep, linear crack or tear in skin |
| ulcer | cavity with loss of tissue from the epidermis & dermis, often weeping or bleeding |
| erosion | shallow, moist cavity in epidermis |
| comedone | mass of sebum, keratin, & debris blocking the opening of a hair follicle |
| Contact Dermatitis | may be caused by exposure to an allergen or by direct chemical or mechanical irritation of the skin |
| Urticaria | hives; results from a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, commonly caused by ingested substances such as shellfish or certain fruits or drugs |
| Atopic Dermatitis | eczema; affected skin appears dry & scaling with thick & leathery patches |
| Psoriasis | chronic inflammatory skin disorder marked by remissions & exacerbations. Results from abnormal activation of T cells & an associated increase in cytokines in affected tissue. |
| Scleroderma | collagen deposition in the arterioles & capillaries reduces blood flow to the skin and/or internal organs leading to hard, shiny, tight, immovable areas of the skin |
| Furuncles | boil; an infection usually by S. aureus, which begins in a hair follicle & spreads into the surrounding dermis |
| Impetigo | highly contagious infection caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci; lesions commonly occur on the face & begin as small vesicles, which rapidly enlarge & rupture to form yellowish-brown crusty masses |
| Acute Necrotizing Fasciitis | flesh-eating disease characterized by bacterial invasion with rapid tissue destruction and septic shock |
| Leprosy | contagious disease that affects the skin, mucous membranes, & nerves, causing discoloration and lumps on the skin and, in severe cases, disfigurement & deformities & can lead to loss of limbs |
| Herpes Simplex 2 | genital herpes |
| Verrucae | warts; caused by HPVs |
| Mycoses | fungal infections such as tinea, which may affect the feet, the scalp, or the body |
| tinea capitis | an infection of the scalp |
| tinea corporis | fungal infection of the body, particularly the non-hairy parts |
| tinea pedis | athlete's foot; involves the feet, particularly the toes |
| tinea unguium | an infection of the nails, particularly the toenails |
| Pediculosis | lice; may infect the scalp or body, thriving on human blood |
| "ABCD" Signs that a mole may be malanoma | 1. Area of the mole is increase 2. Border is irregular 3. Color is changed in the mole 4. Diameter of the mole is increased |
| stratum basale | innermost layer of the epidermis; located on the basement membrane |
| melanin | dark pigment |
| vitiligo | small areas of hypopigmentation |
| melisma or chloasma | patches of darker skin, often on the face |
| sebaceous glands | produce an oily secretion |
| sweat glands | helps us to cool off when overheated |
| 2 types of sweat glands | Eccrine & Apocrine |
| Eccrine | glands that are located all over the body and secrete sweat through pores onto the skin in response to increased heat or emotional stress (SNS control) |
| Apocrine | sweat glands that are located in the axillae, scalp, face, and external genitalia |
| Functions of the skin | 1. When unbroken, it provides the first line of defense 2. Prevents excessive fluid loss 3. Controls body temperature 4. Plays as a defense against environmental hazards, as a learning tool 5. Synthesis & activation of Vitamin D |
| Malignant melanoma | arising from a nevus, grows quickly & metastasizes early |
| Viral Infections | Herpes Simplex Type 1(cold sores) Herpes Simplex Type 2 (genital herpes) Verrucae (warts) |
| Fungal Infections | Tinea Capitis (infection of the scalp) Tinea Corporis (infection of the body; non-hairy parts) Tinea Pedis (athlete's foot) |
| Bacterial Infections | Cellulitis Furuncles (boil) Impetigo (yellowish-brown lesions which commonly occur on the face) Acute Necrotizing Fasciitis Leprosy |
| Inflammatory Disorders | Contact Dermatitis Urticaria (hives) Atopic Dermatitis (eczema) Psoriasis Pemphigus Scleroderma |
| Systemic infections | chickenpox, or allergies to ingested food or drugs |
| Localized infections | exposure to toxins |
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | a slow-growing tumor common to exposed areas |
| Malignant Melanoma | arising from nevus, grows quickly & metastasizes early |
Created by:
mschumacher1
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