Bio Ch. 9 Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
Genetics	Science of heredity
Father of modern genetics	Gregor Mendel
blending	idea that the hereditary materials contributed by the male and female mix to form offspring
self-fertilize	pollen grains released from the stamens land on the tip of the egg containing carpel of same flower.
cross-fertilization	fertilizaton of one plant by pollen from a different plant.
hybrids	offspring of two different varieties
cross	hybridization
P generation	parental plants
F1 generation	hybrid offspring
F2 generation	next generation of plants
monohybrid cross	parent plants differ in only one characteristic
Alleles	alternative forms of genes
dominant allele	the allele that is fully expressed.
recessive allele	the other has no noticeable effect on the organism's appearance.
homozygous	pair of identical alleles for characteristic
heterozygous	two different alleles for characteristic
Punnett square	a diamond figure, that shows 4 possible combinations of gametes.
phenotype	physical traits
genotype	genetic makeup
principle of segregation	pairs of genes segregate during gamete formation, fusion of gametes at fertilization pairs genes once again
loci	specific locations of genes along the chromosome.
dihybrid cross	mating of parental varieties differing in two characteristics
principle of independent assortment	each pair of alleles segregates independently during gamete formation.
testcross	a mating between an individual of unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual.
independent event	unaffected by what has happened on previous attempts.
compound event	product of the separate probabilites
rule of multiplication	1/2*1/2=1/4
rule of addition	probability that an event can occur in two or more alternative ways is the sum of separate probabilities of the different ways.
pedigree	a family tree
carriers	people who have one copy of the allele for a recessive disorder
cystic fibrosis	most common lethal genetic disease in the U.S.
Achondroplasia	a form of dwarfism
Huntington's disease	a degeneration of the nervous system that usually does not begin until middle age.
amniocentesis	tells whether the fetus has a disorder.
Chorionic villus sampling	the physician inserts a narrow tube through female and suctions off a small amount of fetal tissue from the placenta
ultrasound imaging	uses sound waves to produce a picture of the fetus.
Incomplete dominance	hybrids have an appearance in between the phenotypes of the two parental varieties
ABO blood groups	in humans are one example of multiple alleles. can be A,B,or O.
Codominance	both alleles are expressed in heterozygous individuals.
pleiotropy	impact of a single gene on more than one characteristic.
polygenic inheritance	additive effects of two or more genes on a single phenotypic characteristic.
chromosome theory of inheritance	says that genes are located on chromosomes and that behavior of chromosomes during meiosis and fertilization accounts for inheritance patterns.
linked genes	genes that are located close together on the same chromosome.
recombination frequency	percentage of recombinants
sex chromosomes	x and y, determine an individual's sex.
monoecious	plants including corn
hermaphroditic	earthworms and garden snails.
sex-linked gene	any gene located on a sex chromosome.
red-green color blindness	is a common sex-linked disorder characterized by a malfunction of light-sensitive cells in the eyes.
hemophilia	sex-linked recessive trait with a long, well-documented history.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy	a condition characterized by a progressive weakening and loss of muscle tissue.

Created by: pedagandham

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