Biology Chapter 10 Word Scramble
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Term | Definition |
DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid; made of repeating subunits of nucleotides; it consists of 2 chains of nucleotides. |
Parts of DNA | sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate (phosphorous), bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine) |
Purines | adenine and guanine; made of two rings of carbon. |
pyrimidines | cytosine and thymine; only one ring of carbon |
Watson and Crick | suggested models of double helix for the structure of DNA. They won a Nobel Prize in 1962 in medicine. |
Complementary Pairs | C---G and T---A |
Replication of DNA | the copying of DNA |
process of replication part 1 | 2 nucleotide chains separate by unwinding and each chain is the base for a new chain. |
process of replication part 2 | Enzymes called DNA polymerase bind to the separated DNA chains. New chains are assembled using Nucleotides. |
process of replication part 3 | 2 copies of the original nucleotides are produced. |
Accuracy of replication | one error in every 10,000 paired nucleotides. |
Repair of errors | Enzymes can repair the errors and bring the chance down to 1/1,000,000,000. |
RNA | ribonucleic acid |
responsibilities of RNA | RNA is responsible for the movement of genetic information from the DNA to the site of protein synthesis. |
structure of RNA | repeating unites of sugar (ribose), phosphate, and a nitrogen containing base. |
DNA vs RNA | the sugar in RNA is only ribose, thymine is not present, and RNA is single stranded. |
Messenger RNA (mRNA) | a single uncoiled change of RNA nucleotides. carries genetic information. |
Transfer RNA (tRNA) | 45 varieties, consists of about 80 nucleotides shaped like a hairpin. |
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | most abundant form of RNA. It is in a globular shape. it makes up the ribosomes where the proteins are made. |
transcription | process by which genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA. |
protein synthesis | the production of proteins. |
proteins | polymers; made of one of more polypeptides; 20 types of amino acids; three dimensional structure determined by sequence amino acids. |
genetic code | correlation between a nucleotide sequence and an amino acid sequence. |
codon | 3 mRNA nucleotides |
start codon | AUG |
stop codon | UAA, UAG, UGA |
translation | the process of assembling polypeptides from information encoded in mRNA |
anticodon | the loop opposite of the site of amino acid attachment, complementary with the mRNA codon. |
ribsome | composed of RNA and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum |
ribose | sugar |
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