Biology Final Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
dependent variable | The effect of an experiment |
conclusion | end result of an experiment |
controlled variables | variables that remain the same in both test groups of the controlled experiment |
observation | perceiving an event with one of the five senses |
independent variable | The variable that is controlled by the experimenter |
hypothesis | step of the scientific method that is done before experimentation |
experimentation | controlled related facts and search for the cause and the steps of scientific method |
hypothesis | possible explanation to a problem based on all the current known facts |
hydrogen bond | compound that forms hydrogen ions in solution |
solute | substance that is dissolved in a solvent |
ion | an electrically charged Atom or group of atoms from a lost organ of one or more electrons |
covalent bond | Chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
cohesion | attraction between molecules of the same substance (used to describe water) |
base | compound that excepts a proton when dissolved in a solution |
polar | uneven distribution of change |
adhesion | attraction between molecules of different substances |
solvent | substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution |
ionic bond | Bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
neutrons/protons | to subatomic particle is found in the nucleus of an atom |
1:2:1 | The ratio of carbon hydrogen and oxygen found in carbohydrates |
enzymes | combine with a substrate speed up reaction rates and are not used up in a reaction |
monosaccharide | The simple molecule is the basic unit of a polysaccharide |
catalyst | enzyme that speeds up a reaction and slows activation |
cellulose | polysaccharide that is the building material for plant cell walls giving its rigidity and strength |
carbohydrate | main source of energy for living things |
disaccharide | sucrose is an example of this saccharide |
lipids | creates a waterproofing for membrane of the cell |
protein | makes up skin hair and muscle |
glycogen | animal starch |
glycerol | combines with three fatty acid to make a triglyceride |
monosaccharide | building block of all carbohydrates |
polysaccharide examples | glycogen plant starch cellulose |
amino acids | building blocks of proteins |
proteins | macromolecule that contains nitrogen carbon hydrogen and oxygen |
lipids | fence waxes steroids and oils are examples of this macromolecule |
saturated fats | fats were all carbon atoms are single bonded to hydrogen's no gaps or double bonds |
lysosomes | organelle that contains enzymes that break things down |
chromosomes | structures located in the nucleus that contains the genetic material (DNA) of the cell and are visible only during cell division |
ribosomes | tiny bodies were proteins are synthesized for the cell |
eukaryotes | A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
cell membrane | lipid bilayer with embedded proteins that controls what enters and exits the cell |
prokaryote | A cell lacking a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
mitochondria | converts chemical energy stored in food to ATP |
chloroplast | uses light energy to make chemical energy |
Robert Hooke | discovered cells |
can viruses it grow and respond | no |
how do viruses invade and interspecific cells | matching receptor sites |
how viruses and cells are similar | both have the same genetic material |
virus | protein coat and nucleic acid core |
size and shape of viruses | they all have different sizes and shapes |
type of genetic material of viruses | DNA or RNA me |
can viruses reproduce without a host | no |
permeability | The degree to which one substance allows another substance to pass through it |
exocytosis | removal of waste from a cell |
endocytosis | process by which a cell takes material inside it by the folding of the cell membrane |
plasmolysis | shrinking cell when water leaves it |
high to low concentration | Direction in which molecules of a substance move if they are not in the same concentration |
Active transport | movement of substances using energy |
osmosis | movement of water from high to low |
diffusion | movement of particles from high to low |
hypertonic | high concentration of a solute in a solution |
cytolysis | cell burst because of too much water |
hypotonic | Low concentration of a solute in a solution |
isotonic | equal concentration of solute between Two solutions |
3 components of ATP | 3 phosphates, adenine, and ribose |
sun | Ultimate source of energy for all living organisms |
reactants in photosynthesis | radiant energy |
two end products of photosynthesis | oxygen and glucose |
Thylakoid | where the light reaction of photosynthesis occurs |
ATP & NADPH | two products made in the light reactions necessary to run the Calvin cycle |
the oxygen in which organisms depend for cellular respiration comes from what process | photosynthesis |
thylakoid | where light reaction and electron transport chain are |
ATP is an important energy transfer molecule because it when the third phosphate of ATP is removed what is released | Chemical energy |
why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration considered the opposites of each other | The products of them are the reactants of the other |
Krebs cycle | this cycle of cellular respiration produces high energy carriers that provide the electrons for the electron transport chain |
36 | ATP in cellular respiration |
Stroma | jelly like, in chloroplasts, where Calvin cycle takes place |
light to chemical | photosynthesis energy transfer |
pyruvate | three carbon end product of glycolysis |
Matrix of the mitochondria | Krebs cycle occurs here |
CO2 | gas released during krebs cycle |
Violet blue and red light | Colors of chlorophyll absorbs |
Greenlight | plants appear green because they reflect this color |
pigment | molecule that absorbs wave lengths of light and reflects other ones |
fermentation | process that occurs in the muscle cells of animals when oxygen is absent |
why Krebs cycle occurs twice | there are two pyruvates |
role of oxygen in ETC | H2O and final electronic acceptor |
what is the equation for alcohol fermentation | pyruvate + NADH --> CO2 + ethanol + NAD |
sides of DNA strand | phosphate and sugar |
codon | 3 base sequence of messenger RNA |
Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins | developed the x-ray crystallography that used it diffraction patterns to determine that DNA structure was a helix |
rungs of DNA strand | adenine, Thymine , guanine, and cytosine |
template | something you can copy |
site of translation ( organelle ) | ribosome |
anti-codon | TRA (3basesequence) |
two enzymes in replication | helicase and DNA polymerase |
Watson and crick | discovered structure of DNA (model) |
Job of MRNA | send DNA a message to cytoplasm |
what would TACCCC be if it was mRNA | AUGGGG |
components of a nucleotide | base, sugar, phosphate |
two differences between DNA and RNA | DNA is double-stranded and DNA has thymine |
Job of tRNA | takes amino acids to the right side |
decode M RNA AUCUGA in tRNA | UAGACU |
hydrogen bond | between bases |
diploid | refers to a cell that contains sets of Homologous chromosomes |
telophase two | this phase of meiosis results and four daughter cells each haploid |
metaphase – mitosis | chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell |
unique pattern | crossing over leads to this quality and the species |
tetrad | four |
prophase one | synapsis occurs; chromosomes are formed; crossing over |
prophase mitosis | nucleolus disappears it; spindle fibers form; chromosomes/centrioles move to opposite sides |
female sex chromosomes | XX |
Crossing over | during metaphase the mom and dad chromosomes get mixed up |
interphase | DNA replicates in the S phase of this phase |
The stages of mitosis are? | mitosis: prophase, metaphase, telephase, anaphase dinner phase: G, S, G two |
telephase | The nuclear envelope a nucleolus reform during this phase of mitosis |
46 | number of chromosomes in human somatic cell |
Homologus chromosomes | refers to a pair of chromosomes were each chromosome is similar in size, shape, and Gene they carry |
nondisjunction | Homo Logus chromosomes failed to separate during meiosis |
metaphase two | tetrads line up along equator |
synapsis | The action of Homologus chromosomes pairing up |
probability | used in genetics to predict outcomes of events |
recessive | Jean that will only be expressed when homozygous ressesive |
Law of segregation | principle that explains abrasion of alleles during gamete formation |
Homozygous | recessive and dominant gene |
heterozygous | two dominant or two recessive genes |
allele | particular form of the trait will be expressed |
genotype / DNA | genetic make up |
phenotype/traits | observable physical characteristics |
Dihybrid | cross that follows two different genes as they passed from one generation to the next |
principle of independent assortment | Gene pairs segregate randomly and independently of one another |
Mono hybrid cross | cross to determine one trait |
principle of dominance | One allele expressed over others |
deletion | loss of all or part of a chromosome |
translocation | moves chromosome from one to another |
inversion | part of chromosome is reversed |
frameshift | Edition that causes the reading frame to shift resulting in a change of the nucleotide sequence for each amino acid that follows can because by deletion or insertion |
duplication | segment of a chromosome is repeated |
PKU | this disease results in mental retardation and other new role logical problems that can be prevented with a low-protein diet |
hemophilia | sex linked disorder – no blood clot protein |
Color blindness | sex linked disorder most common in males not able to tell the difference between colors |
cystic fibrosis | symptoms of this disorder thick mucus in lungs and trouble breathing |
tay-Sachs | this disease has a weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscle tissue |
Huntington's disease | this disease shows a gradual Deterioration of the brain which causes uncontrollable movements and mental deterioration |
karyotype | sets of photographs of chromosomes grouped in order in pairs |
Klein Felters syndrome | males have an extra X chromosome and makes them womanly |
body/stomatic and Egg cell | cells/cells that were used to when Dolly the sheep was cloned |
DNA fingerprint | used to find DNA make up |
gel electrophoresis | separates DNA fragments |
genetic engineering | make changes in organisms DNA to produce new |
o | universal donor |
b | type of blood that produces anti-a antibodies in serum |
hybridization | breeding for desired traits |
recombinant DNA | combination of DNA from two different organisms |
Created by:
clarissa13
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