USMLE Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| Anaerobic infections above diaphragm - ? Anaerobic infections below diaphragm? | Above - clindamycin, Below - metronidazole |
| Toxicity of metronidazole | Disulfiram like reaction with alcohol, headache |
| Bind to cell membranes of bacteria and disrupt their osmotic properties, cationic, basic proteins that act like detergents - treat resistant gram negativ infections | Polymyxins |
| Toxicity for polymyxins | Neurotoxicity, Acute renal tubular necrosis |
| Name anti TB drugs | RESPIre, Rifampin, Ethambutol, Streptomycin, Pyrazinamide, Isoniazid |
| 2nd line therapy for TB | Cycloserine |
| All anti TB drugs have same toxicity - name it | liver toxicity |
| Anti TB drug - decreases synthesis of mycolic acids | Isoniazid |
| The only agent used as solo prophylaxis against TB | Isoniazid |
| Toxicity for INH (Isoniazid) | Hemolysis if G6PD defficient, Neurotoxicity, Hepatoxocitiy, SLE like syndrome, INH - Injures Neurons and Hepatocytes |
| _ can prevent neurotoxicity caused by isoniazid | Pyridoxine (B6) |
| Which anti TB drug has different half lifes in fast vs slow acetylators | Isoniazid |
| Anti TB drug - inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase | Rifampin |
| Delays resistance to dapsone when used for leprosy | Rifampin |
| Used for meningococcal prophylaxis and chemoprophylaxis in contacts of children with H influenzae type B | Rifampin |
| Rifampin toxicity | Minor hepatoxicity and drug interactions (increases P450) |
| Rifampin 4 R's | RNA polymerase inhibitors, Revs up P450, Red/orange body fluids, Rapid resistance if used alone |
| Beta lactamase cleavage of beta lactam drug is a resistance mechanism against which drugs | Penicillins and cephalosporins |
| Modification via acetylation, adenylation, or phosphorylation is resistance mechanism against which drugs | Aminoglycosides |
| Terminal D ala component of cell wall replaced with D lac, decreases affinity - resistance mechanism against which drug | Vancomycin |
| Modification via acetylation - resistance mechanism against which drug | Chloramphenicol |
| Decreased uptake or increased transport out of cell is resistance mechanism against which drugs | Tetracyclines |
| Altered enzyme (bacterial dihdropteorate synthetase), decreased uptake or increased PABA synthesis is resistance against which drugs | Sulfonamides |
| Drug of choice for prophylaxis of meningococcal infections Alternative? | Rifampin, Minocyclin |
| Prophylaxis of gonorrhea | Ceftriaxone |
| Prophylaxis of syphillis | Benzathine penicillin G |
| Prophylaxis in patients with history of recurrent UTI | TMP-SMX |
| Drug of choice for prophylaxis for pneumocystic carinii pneumonia Alternative | TMP-SMX, Aerosolized pentamidine |
| Binds ergosterol (unique to fungi), forms membrane pores that allow leakage of electrolytes and disrupt homeostasis | Amphotericin B |
| Used for wide spectrum of systemic mycoses (Cryptococcus, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Aspergillus, Histoplasma, Candida, Mucor). Intrathecally for fungal meningitis, does NOT cross BBB | Amphotericin B |
| Toxicity of Amphotericin B | NEPHROTOXICITY, Arrhythmias (amphoterrible), Fever/chills (shake and bake), Hypotension |
| Binds to ergosterol, disrupting fungal membranes, used as "swish and swallow" for oral candidiasis (thrush) | NYSTATIN |
| Inhibit fungal steroid (ergosterol) synthesis | AZOLES |
| Drug of choice for cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS patients and candidal infections of all types (i.e yeast infections) | FLuconazole |
| Drug of choice for Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Candida albicans, hypercortisolism | Ketoconazole |
| Toxicity of azoles | Hormone synthesis inhibition (gynecomastia), Liver dysfuntion (inhibits cytochrome P450), Fever, chills |
| Inhibits DNA synthesis by conversion to fluorouracil which competes with uracil, used in systemic fungal infections (Candida, Cryptococcus), causes bone marrow suppression, n/v/d | FLUCYTOSINE |
| Antifungal medication, inhibits cell wall synthesis, clinically used for invasive aspergillosis, can cause GI upset and flushing | CASPOFUNGIN |
| Antifungal, inhibits fungal enzyme squalene epoxidase, used to treat dermatophytoses (especially onychomycosis) | TERBINAFINE |
| Anti fungal, interferes with microtubule function, disrupts mitosis, deposits in keratin containing tissues (nails) - oral treatment of superficial infections, inhibits growth of dermatophytes (tinea, ringworm) | GRISEOFULVIN |
| Toxicity Griseofulvin | Teratogenic, Carcinogenic, Confusion, Headache, Increased warfarin metabolism |
| Antiviral drug used for prophylaxis for influenza A and treatment of Parkinsons | Amantadine |
| Derivative of Amantadine with fewer CNS side effects | Rimantidine |
| Anti viral medication, blocks viral penetration/uncoating, may buffer pH of endosome, also causes release of dopamine from intact nerve terminals | Amantadien |
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