Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
USMLE
Pharm 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anaerobic infections above diaphragm - ? Anaerobic infections below diaphragm? | Above - clindamycin, Below - metronidazole |
| Toxicity of metronidazole | Disulfiram like reaction with alcohol, headache |
| Bind to cell membranes of bacteria and disrupt their osmotic properties, cationic, basic proteins that act like detergents - treat resistant gram negativ infections | Polymyxins |
| Toxicity for polymyxins | Neurotoxicity, Acute renal tubular necrosis |
| Name anti TB drugs | RESPIre, Rifampin, Ethambutol, Streptomycin, Pyrazinamide, Isoniazid |
| 2nd line therapy for TB | Cycloserine |
| All anti TB drugs have same toxicity - name it | liver toxicity |
| Anti TB drug - decreases synthesis of mycolic acids | Isoniazid |
| The only agent used as solo prophylaxis against TB | Isoniazid |
| Toxicity for INH (Isoniazid) | Hemolysis if G6PD defficient, Neurotoxicity, Hepatoxocitiy, SLE like syndrome, INH - Injures Neurons and Hepatocytes |
| _ can prevent neurotoxicity caused by isoniazid | Pyridoxine (B6) |
| Which anti TB drug has different half lifes in fast vs slow acetylators | Isoniazid |
| Anti TB drug - inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase | Rifampin |
| Delays resistance to dapsone when used for leprosy | Rifampin |
| Used for meningococcal prophylaxis and chemoprophylaxis in contacts of children with H influenzae type B | Rifampin |
| Rifampin toxicity | Minor hepatoxicity and drug interactions (increases P450) |
| Rifampin 4 R's | RNA polymerase inhibitors, Revs up P450, Red/orange body fluids, Rapid resistance if used alone |
| Beta lactamase cleavage of beta lactam drug is a resistance mechanism against which drugs | Penicillins and cephalosporins |
| Modification via acetylation, adenylation, or phosphorylation is resistance mechanism against which drugs | Aminoglycosides |
| Terminal D ala component of cell wall replaced with D lac, decreases affinity - resistance mechanism against which drug | Vancomycin |
| Modification via acetylation - resistance mechanism against which drug | Chloramphenicol |
| Decreased uptake or increased transport out of cell is resistance mechanism against which drugs | Tetracyclines |
| Altered enzyme (bacterial dihdropteorate synthetase), decreased uptake or increased PABA synthesis is resistance against which drugs | Sulfonamides |
| Drug of choice for prophylaxis of meningococcal infections Alternative? | Rifampin, Minocyclin |
| Prophylaxis of gonorrhea | Ceftriaxone |
| Prophylaxis of syphillis | Benzathine penicillin G |
| Prophylaxis in patients with history of recurrent UTI | TMP-SMX |
| Drug of choice for prophylaxis for pneumocystic carinii pneumonia Alternative | TMP-SMX, Aerosolized pentamidine |
| Binds ergosterol (unique to fungi), forms membrane pores that allow leakage of electrolytes and disrupt homeostasis | Amphotericin B |
| Used for wide spectrum of systemic mycoses (Cryptococcus, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Aspergillus, Histoplasma, Candida, Mucor). Intrathecally for fungal meningitis, does NOT cross BBB | Amphotericin B |
| Toxicity of Amphotericin B | NEPHROTOXICITY, Arrhythmias (amphoterrible), Fever/chills (shake and bake), Hypotension |
| Binds to ergosterol, disrupting fungal membranes, used as "swish and swallow" for oral candidiasis (thrush) | NYSTATIN |
| Inhibit fungal steroid (ergosterol) synthesis | AZOLES |
| Drug of choice for cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS patients and candidal infections of all types (i.e yeast infections) | FLuconazole |
| Drug of choice for Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Candida albicans, hypercortisolism | Ketoconazole |
| Toxicity of azoles | Hormone synthesis inhibition (gynecomastia), Liver dysfuntion (inhibits cytochrome P450), Fever, chills |
| Inhibits DNA synthesis by conversion to fluorouracil which competes with uracil, used in systemic fungal infections (Candida, Cryptococcus), causes bone marrow suppression, n/v/d | FLUCYTOSINE |
| Antifungal medication, inhibits cell wall synthesis, clinically used for invasive aspergillosis, can cause GI upset and flushing | CASPOFUNGIN |
| Antifungal, inhibits fungal enzyme squalene epoxidase, used to treat dermatophytoses (especially onychomycosis) | TERBINAFINE |
| Anti fungal, interferes with microtubule function, disrupts mitosis, deposits in keratin containing tissues (nails) - oral treatment of superficial infections, inhibits growth of dermatophytes (tinea, ringworm) | GRISEOFULVIN |
| Toxicity Griseofulvin | Teratogenic, Carcinogenic, Confusion, Headache, Increased warfarin metabolism |
| Antiviral drug used for prophylaxis for influenza A and treatment of Parkinsons | Amantadine |
| Derivative of Amantadine with fewer CNS side effects | Rimantidine |
| Anti viral medication, blocks viral penetration/uncoating, may buffer pH of endosome, also causes release of dopamine from intact nerve terminals | Amantadien |
Created by:
Asclepius
Popular USMLE sets