Pharm Vocabulary Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Question | Answer |
Potency | The drug dose needed to produce a given effect - usually 50% of maximum |
Efficacy | The goal dose for response. Usually refers to maximal effect. |
The potency or efficacy can be quantifed as | the quantal response or the number of patients who respond to a drug |
Therapeutic index is another name for | safety |
Therapeutic Index is | the relationship between the toxic dose and the effective dose. |
Equation for Therapeutic Index | Toxic Dose over Effective Dose or TD50/ED50 |
ED50 is | the potency |
the graded dose response relationship is | the drug receptor complex that results in biological effect |
the magnitude of the biological effect is proportional to | the number of receptors occupied |
affinity is | the strength of binding between the drug and its receptor |
an agonist is | something that binds and activates a recptor |
an antagonist is | something that binds and prevents receptor activity |
full agonist is | something that activates the receptor to full extend and mimics endogenous |
partial agonist is | something that causes a less than full response despite receptor saturation |
partial agonists can result in | antagonism |
an inverse agonist is | something that results in reverse activity of receptors and stabilize receptors in an inactive format |
a competitive antagonist | competes with agonist for receptor - like narcan and morphine |
irreversible antagonist | binds covalently to receptor and inactivates it - blocking the amount of receptors available |
allosteric antagonist | prevents receptor transformation when drug binds to a site that is different than an agonist site. |
allosteric agonist example | benzos bind to ion channels activated by GABA and enhance effects of GABA |
chemical agonist | drug binds directly to substance so substance cant interact with receptor ex. iron chelators |
small therapeutic index | monitor more frequently because less safe |
threshold for a toxic therapeutic index | 2.0 |
pharmakokinetics is | the actions of the body on the drug; absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the drug in the body |
first order kinetics is the same as | first order elimination |
first order elimination is | enxymes that metabolize a drug for elimination that do not become saturated so the rate of elimination is directly proportional to the concentration of free drug |
zero order kinetics is | the enzyme system is saturated so rate of metabolism is constant - regardless of drug concentration. it is not affected by the rate of concentration |
first pass metabolism is | when a drug is administered orally and visits the liver via the bloodstream and is metabolized before going to the organ of disease |
lipophillic drugs | not excreted but their hydrophilic metabolites are excreted |
hydrophilic drugs leads to | increased renal excretion and decreased tubular reabsorption |
bioavailability is | determination of equivalence - the percent of drug that reaches systemic circulation, calculated by plasma level - effective dose/bioavailability. IV dose is 100% bioavailable, oral is 70% bioav. |
factors that influence bioavailability | first pass metabolism, solubility of drug, chemical instability, physical properties of drug |
most drugs are secreted by | passive diffusion |
antibiotics are brought into bacteria by | endocytosis |
drug distribution is when | a drug reversibly leaves the bloodstream and enters the interstitium and tissues/cells |
when plasma proteins are lower than normal | then total drug concentrations will be lower but unbound concentration will not be affected |
a large volume of distribution is associated with | low excretion/long half life |
metabolism is the | termination of drug action and has three portions - bioinactivation, detoxification and elimination |
biotransformation is | metabolism. both occur in the liver |
most liver metabolism converts meds to | more polar, less lipophilic compounds that can be eliminated by kidneys |
biotransformation occurs in two phases | phase 1 results in oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis, phase two results in conjugation products and are inactive |
An example of a phase 1 drug metabolism is the | CYP 450 system in liver mostly but also in GI and lung |
you have to love this to get in the brain | fat |
ionic forms of drugs are more easily excreted by | the kidneys |
polypharmacy is | 5 or more drugs |
grapefruit does this | inhibits CYP 450 enzyme |
milk pH is | 7.08 |
nicotine does this | induce cyp450 enzymes |
acidic medications are more likely to end up in this (lactating women) | breast milk |
alcohol and caffeine | induce cyp450enzymes |
grapefruit permanently does this | inactivates cyp3a4 enzymesand takes 48-72 hours |
half life is | the amount of time it takes for 50% of the drug to be out of your system |
this many half lives should be used to calculate clearance | 3.3 |
pharmacodynamics is | potency, efficacy and safety - how the drug causes a response in the body |
most drugs are excreted in | the kidneys |
clearance | refers to renal clearance - rate of drug elimination by metabolism and excretion |
pharmacogenetics | inherited drug response - look at phenotypes |
g linked receptor interactions include | prostaglandins alpha or beta receptors |
refractory receptors | require a rest period - ion channels only |
desnsitized receptors | no longer responsive to ligand - think smell |
downregulated receptors | receptors are sequestered, even downgraded and unable to interact (morphine + dilaudid) |
tachyphylaxis | rapid unresponsiveness with repeated dosing (nitro 4th dose) |
phase 1 clinical trial | determine max dose, toxicity 15, ppl |
phase 2 clinical trial | disease oriented only 50 ppl |
phase 3 clinical trial |
Created by:
jonquil
Popular Nursing sets