Infection Control P2 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
What does infection arise from? | invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in a host |
What is antibiotic treatment aimed at? | inhibiting or ceasing further growth of infectious agent |
What is infection preceded by? | colonization |
define colonization | microorganisms are present in host but do not invade or cause an associated host response |
Is treatment warranted for colonization? | No |
What is the single most important strategy for preventing or reducing nosocomial infections? | hand hygiene |
What does the CDC recommended time to wash hands? | 10 to 15 seconds |
When should hand hygiene be performed? | before touching patient, before and after procedure or body fluid exposure, after touching patient or surroundings, food preparation, linen handling |
What is the most important technique to prevent infection? | hand washing |
What type of bacteria can be reduced by mechanical cleaning? | transient |
What poses the greatest risk to healthcare workers for exposure to blood-borne illnesses? | contaminated sharps |
Standard precautions aim to minimize the exposure of what? | hands, skin and mucosa |
When is PPE required? | when risk of exposure to body fluids is present, contact with non-intact skin, and contact with mucous membranes |
define direct contact | touching |
define indirect contact | touching an object that has been in contact with pathogen |
What are the 4 ways a disease can be introduced? | contact, droplet, airborne, vehicle |
define contact exposure | transmitted through contact with blood or body fluids |
How is E.coli introduced? | contact |
How is Sheigella introduced? | contact |
How is Hepatitis A or rotavirus introduced? | contact |
How is herpes simplex virus introduced? | contact |
How is pediculosis introduced? | contact |
How is conjunctivas introduced? | contact |
define droplet exposure | droplets created by infected person that are inhaled by others |
How are droplet infections transmitted? | through coughing, sneezing, talking |
What PPE is necessary for droplet precautions? | facial mask |
How is pneumonia introduced? | droplet |
How is rubella introduced? | droplet |
How is diphtheria (pharyngeal) introduced? | droplet |
How is mumps introduced? | droplet |
How is pertusis introduced? | droplet |
How is influenza introduced? | droplet |
How are airborne infections transmitted? | pathogen is carried more than 3 feet in air via moisture or dust particles |
How is measles introduced? | airborne |
How is varicella introduced? | airborne |
How is tuberculosis introduced? | airborne |
define vehicle | pathogens are then transferred to those who eat, drink, or touch contaminated substance or object |
4 examples of vehicles | food, water, medications, utensils |
4 examples of vectors | roaches, mice, mosquitoes, flies |
define nosocomial infection | infection that is spread within a facility |
What is the severity of nosocomial infections? | mild or life threatening |
Example of nosocomial infection | urinary tract infection post operative |
What is MRSA | methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus |
What is a common nosocomial infection in hospitals and long term care facilies? | MRSA |
Why is MRSA easily transmitted by health care workers? | it is frequently colonized on the skin |
Where are entercocci normally found? | bowel and female genital tract |
How long do enterococci persist in environment? | up to 7 days |
Where can enterococci persist for up to 7 days? | hands, gloves, equipment, bed rails, telephones, stethoscopes |
what is VRE? | vancomycin resistant enterococcus |
Cross-infection of VRE has been attributed to what? | thermometers, commodes, movement of inadequately cleaned patient furinture |
How does transmission of VRE occur? | directly via hands or indirectly via contaminated environmental surfaces |
According to the principals of sterilization wet is considered... | contaminated |
According to the principals of sterilization in what direction should you wipe? | inner to outer |
According to the principals of sterilization how should 2 sterile individuals walk? | front to front |
According to the principals of sterilization where should you keep your hands? | above the waist |
What is the most effective means of infection control? | good hand washing |
What are the 4 key points for personal hygiene? | restrain hair, keep nails short, minimum jewelry, cover open wounds |
Hand hygiene for visibly soiled hands | wash with soap and water |
Hand hygiene for before and after client contact | wash with soap and water |
hand hygiene for after contact with a source of microorganisms | wash with soap and water |
hand hygiene for prior to performance of invasive procedures | wash with soap and water |
hand hygiene for before and after removing gloves | wash with soap and water |
hand hygiene for beginning and end of every shift | wash with soap and water |
hand hygiene for administration of medication | wash with alcohol based products |
hand hygiene for non soiled hands | wash with alcohol based products |
hand hygiene for non surgical procedures | wash with alcohol based products |
hand hygiene for caring for patients with known or suspected C. difficle | wash with soap and water |
why must soap and water be used when dealing with patients who have C.difficle? | alcohol does not adequately remove spores |
What is not an adequate substitute for hand hygiene? | wearing gloves |
Why are artificial fingernails not allowed? | harbor bacteria and fungi and have been linked to infections |
Why is eating and drinking in patient care areas prohibited? | potential contamination of food and beverages |
What is Hepatitis B? | blood borne virus with an unpredictable course of illness/symptoms |
Health care workers are ___ times more likely than general public to contract Hepatitis B. | 20 |
Transmission of Hepatitis B can occur how? | needle sticks, sexual contact,surface contaminated with infected blood |
Is the hepatitis B virus spread through casual contact? | no |
What is the order for taking off PPE? | gloves, eyeware, gown, mask |
When are gloves worn? | anticipated contact with blood or bodily fluids |
When are gowns worn? | when visible contamination of clothing is expected |
When are masks, eye protection, or full face shields worn? | when splashing or aerosolization of bodily fluids is anticipated |
What is the order for putting on PPE? | gown, surgical mask/respirator, goggles, gloves |
define subjective data | what the patient says |
define objective data | validated proof |
What is the key to developing a patient goal? | must be measurable while you're with patient |
What is combined to provide a global view of the patient's immune function? | lab values, patient history, and physical exam |
What does preventative skin assessment protocol include? | documentation |
What is nature's first line of defense against microbes entering the body? | intact skin |
What do you use on all at risk skin surfaces? | hydration and moisturization |
Dry skin can lead to... | inflammation, excoriations, and possible infection |
What does fluid intake help? | thin out secretions and replace fluid lost during fever |
What increases the patient's need for rest? | chronic disease, physical and emotional stress |
What is the passage of microbes suspended in the air on water droplets or dust particles that enter the host by inhalation? | airborne transmission |
What is freedom from infection or infectious material? | asepsis |
define bacteriostatic | arresting the growth/multiplication of bacteria |
what may be classified as a bacteriostatic medication? | antibiotics |
What is a technique based upon the premise that all body substances may contain pathogens? | body substance isolation |
What should you never touch with a bare hand? | anything wet that comes from the body or body cavity |
When should gloves be worn? | when in contact with mucus membranes, non-intact skin, or body substance |
What do body substances include? | blood, urine, feces, saliva, wound drainage, aspirated fluids |
What is the presence and multiplication of microbes without tissue invasion or damage? | colonization |
What symptoms do individuals who are colonized present? | none |
Do individuals who are colonized have the potential to infect others? | yes |
What is the physical transfer of an organism between an infected or colonized person and susceptible host? | contact transmission |
when does indirect contact occur? | when a patient comes in contact with equipment contaminated by infectious organism |
When does direct contact occur? | when an infected person transfers the organism directly to a susceptible host |
What is inhalation of respiratory pathogenic microbes suspended on liquid particles exhaled by someone already infected? | droplet transmission |
What type of transmission occurs when a patient with URI sneezes, allowing pathogenic microbes to exit the body and become inhaled by another person within close proximity? | droplet transmission |
What is a microbial organism with the ability to cause disease? | infectious agent |
define virulence | ability to grown and multiply |
define invasiveness | ability to enter tissues |
define pathogenicity | ability to cause disease |
What must be increased in order to increase the possibility of creating an infection? | virulence, invasiveness, and pathogenicity |
4 examples of infectious agents | bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites |
What are techniques used to prevent or limit the spread of infection? | isolation |
Why are patients diagnosed with an infectious disease placed in isolation? | to prevent the transmission of pathogens to others |
define incubation | the time between exposure to an infectious organism and the appearance of clinical systems of disease |
define medical asepsis | techniques used to control and to reduce the spread of pathogenic microorganisms |
What is a medical asepsis technique? | hand washing |
define mode of transmission | method of transfer by which the organism moves or is carried from one place to another |
define nosocomial infection | infection acquired during hospitalization |
What is the main mode of transmission of MRSA? | hands of health care worker |
define pathogen | any disease producing microorganism |
What is a mask-like apparatus that fits snugly over the nose and mouth and filters out organisms? | particulate respirator |
Why are particulate respirators worn? | to prevent contamination by airborne diseases such as tuberculosis |
define portal of entry | an opening allowing the microbe to enter the host |
3 examples of portals of entry | body orifices, mucus membranes, breaks in skin |
define portal of exit | place of exit providing a way for the microbe to leave the reservoir |
3 examples of portals of exit | nose, mouth, feces |
define protective isolation | individuals suffering from a weakened immune system and susceptible to microbe invasion are isolated to avoid exposure |
define reservoir | place where microbes can thrive and reproduce |
5 examples of reservoir | humans, animals, water, tabletops, doorknobs |
define standard precautions | universal precautions and body substance isolation techniques to provide protection against the transmission infectious microbes |
Who are the standard precautions techniques applied to? | all individuals regardless of medical diagnosis |
define surgical asepsis | techniques used to destroy all pathogenic organisms before they can enter the body |
What is one surgical asepsis technique? | sterilization of surgical equipment |
When do the principles of surgical asepsis apply? | invasive procedures involving placement of equipment inside the body |
define susceptible host | a person who cannot resist a microbe invading the body, multiplying, and resulting in infection |
define transmission based precautions | barrier or isolation techniques applied to control the spread of the organism |
what is an example of a transmission based precaution? | wearing protective gloves when handling body secretions |
What are techniques utilized with all patients, regardless of diagnosis, to protect against blood borne pathogens? | universal precautions |
What are universal precautions applied to? | blood or any body fluid |
define vehicle transmission | transfer of microbes by way of contaminated items |
example of vehicle transmission | blood can carry hepatitis and HIV |
what is one of the common causes of nosocomial infections? | VRE |
Created by:
cdc52591
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