Antiepileptic/Parkin Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Compare and contrast Seizures and Epilpsy | A seizure is a hyperexcitation of neurons in the brain leading to abnormal electric activity that. Epilepsy is a group of neurologic disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of convulsive seizures, sensory disturbances, abnormal behavior, loss of con |
Care of a seizure | safety, side rails bed with pad, closed to nursing station, helmet… |
Signs of seizures | A sudden, violent involuntary series of contractions of a group of muscle |
Assess following a seizure | Immediate VS including O2 sat, Lung sounds, bruises, redness, area in contact with surface |
Types of generalized seizures | Grand mal or tonic-clonic, myoclonic, absence, and status epilepticus |
Types of partial seizures | Simple partial and complex partial |
Epilepsy vs Seizure | No cure for epilepsy, tx aims to decrease the number of seizures |
Goal of anticonvulsants | control seizures activities with minimal side effects |
Part of cerebrum | cortex and medulla |
Where is the gray matter | Cerebral cortex, outer part, NO regeneration |
Where is the white matter | Cerebral medulla, inner part, CAN regenerate |
What is the difference btw white and gray matter | White is myelenated, can regenerate. Gray unmyelenated, protected into bony structure, can’t regenerate |
Part of the Brain | cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum |
Part cerebrum | cortex and medulla |
Part of the brainstem | thalamus, hypothalamus, pons, and medulla oblongata |
Part of Spinal cord | cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx |
Network of nerves and brain areas involved in regulating ALERTNESS, WAKEFULNESS, AND SLEEP | Reticular formation |
Network of nerves and brain areas involved in EMOTIONAL and BEHAVIORAL responses | Limbic system |
Where do addiction occurs in the brain? | Reticular Activation System |
RAS | Reticular Activation System |
Where do drug dependency occurs? | Limbic System |
Where do responses to fear, anger, anxiety, sexual behavior, and reward and punishment occur? | Limbic system |
Luminal | BARBITURATE |
Dilantin | HYDANTOIN |
Tegretol | CARBAMAZEPINE |
Depakene | VALPROIC ACID |
Zarontin | SUCCINIMIDE |
Tridione | OXAZOLIDINEDIONE |
Diazepam, Valium | BENZODIAZEPINE |
Klonopin | BENZODIAZEPINE |
Gabapentin (Neurontin) | Used for partial seizures, Increase effects of GABA |
Indicated Drugs for partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures | Barbiturates, Hydantoin and Carbamazepine |
Barbiturates | Phenobarbital (Luminal) and mephobarbital (Mebaral) |
Barbiturates (Luminal) mechanism of action | GABA is a brain slower and barbiturate increase the action of GABA, slower activity |
Most common adverse effects of babiturates (Luminal) | SEDATION, DROWSINESS, DEPENDANCE, dizziness, mental confusion, headache, and rash. |
Hydantoin | Phenytoin (Dilantin) most frequently used seizure med |
Mechanism of action for Hydantoin (Dilantin) | Decrease the actions of sodium and reduce hyperexcitability of nerve cells in the brain |
Common adverse effects hydantoin (Dilantin) | GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA, BRADYCARDIA, postural imbalance, hirsutism |
Gingival hyperplasia | Overgrowth of the gum tissue, indicator for using hydantoin (Dilantin) |
Adverse effects Carbamazepine (Tegretol) | LIVER DISTURBANCES AND BONE MARROW DEPRESSION, Nausea, drowsiness, dizziness, and diplopia; less frequently |
Valproic acid(Depakene) mechanism of action | GABA is a brain slower and barbiturate increase the action of GABA, slower activity |
Indications for Valproic acid (Depakene) | Absence and myoclonic seizures |
Most serious effect of Valproic acid (Depakene) | Hepatotoxicity, Severely toxic to the liver. Less sedation (clients are more functional) |
Succinimides | Ethosuximide (Zarontin) |
Indication for Succinimides (Zarontin) | Absence seizures or petit mal |
Adverse effects of Succinimides (Zarontin) | GI disturbances, drowsiness, dizziness, and less frequently blood disorders |
Oxazolindindione | Trimethadione (Tridione), Very limited used |
Indication for Oxazolindindione (Tridione) | Absence seizures |
Adverse effects for Oxazolindindione (Tridione) | LIVER AND KIDNEY DAMAGE, Sedation, rash, visual disturbance |
Benzodiazepine | Diazepam (Valium), Clonazepam (Klonopin) |
Mechanism of Benzodiazepine | Increase the effects of GABA |
Route for Benzodiazepine | IV or IM to stop seizures, orally in the tx of myoclonic, akinetic, and absence seizures |
Adverse effects for Benzodiazepine | Sedation, dizziness, rash, and minor GI disturbances |
What is the problem with Parkinsons | Not enough dopamine, which is a neurotransmitter |
Tx of Parkinson | Increase the level of dopamine |
Levodopa | Taken orally can be converted to dopamine in basal ganglia, dopamine agonist |
Sinemet | combination of levodopa and carbidopa to increase the amount of dopamine that enters the brain |
Eldepryl | Parkinson drug used at an early stage |
All the drugs | Luminal#BARBITURATE Dilantin#HYDANTOIN Tegretol#CARBAMAZEPINE Depakene#VALPROIC ACID Zarontin#SUCCINIMIDE Tridione#OXAZOLIDINEDIONE Diazepam, Valium#BENZODIAZEPINE Klonopin#BENZODIAZEPINE |
Created by:
fausfez
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