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Antiepileptic/Parkin
Pharm 11-Antiepileptic and Antiparkinson
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Compare and contrast Seizures and Epilpsy | A seizure is a hyperexcitation of neurons in the brain leading to abnormal electric activity that. Epilepsy is a group of neurologic disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of convulsive seizures, sensory disturbances, abnormal behavior, loss of con |
| Care of a seizure | safety, side rails bed with pad, closed to nursing station, helmet… |
| Signs of seizures | A sudden, violent involuntary series of contractions of a group of muscle |
| Assess following a seizure | Immediate VS including O2 sat, Lung sounds, bruises, redness, area in contact with surface |
| Types of generalized seizures | Grand mal or tonic-clonic, myoclonic, absence, and status epilepticus |
| Types of partial seizures | Simple partial and complex partial |
| Epilepsy vs Seizure | No cure for epilepsy, tx aims to decrease the number of seizures |
| Goal of anticonvulsants | control seizures activities with minimal side effects |
| Part of cerebrum | cortex and medulla |
| Where is the gray matter | Cerebral cortex, outer part, NO regeneration |
| Where is the white matter | Cerebral medulla, inner part, CAN regenerate |
| What is the difference btw white and gray matter | White is myelenated, can regenerate. Gray unmyelenated, protected into bony structure, can’t regenerate |
| Part of the Brain | cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum |
| Part cerebrum | cortex and medulla |
| Part of the brainstem | thalamus, hypothalamus, pons, and medulla oblongata |
| Part of Spinal cord | cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx |
| Network of nerves and brain areas involved in regulating ALERTNESS, WAKEFULNESS, AND SLEEP | Reticular formation |
| Network of nerves and brain areas involved in EMOTIONAL and BEHAVIORAL responses | Limbic system |
| Where do addiction occurs in the brain? | Reticular Activation System |
| RAS | Reticular Activation System |
| Where do drug dependency occurs? | Limbic System |
| Where do responses to fear, anger, anxiety, sexual behavior, and reward and punishment occur? | Limbic system |
| Luminal | BARBITURATE |
| Dilantin | HYDANTOIN |
| Tegretol | CARBAMAZEPINE |
| Depakene | VALPROIC ACID |
| Zarontin | SUCCINIMIDE |
| Tridione | OXAZOLIDINEDIONE |
| Diazepam, Valium | BENZODIAZEPINE |
| Klonopin | BENZODIAZEPINE |
| Gabapentin (Neurontin) | Used for partial seizures, Increase effects of GABA |
| Indicated Drugs for partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures | Barbiturates, Hydantoin and Carbamazepine |
| Barbiturates | Phenobarbital (Luminal) and mephobarbital (Mebaral) |
| Barbiturates (Luminal) mechanism of action | GABA is a brain slower and barbiturate increase the action of GABA, slower activity |
| Most common adverse effects of babiturates (Luminal) | SEDATION, DROWSINESS, DEPENDANCE, dizziness, mental confusion, headache, and rash. |
| Hydantoin | Phenytoin (Dilantin) most frequently used seizure med |
| Mechanism of action for Hydantoin (Dilantin) | Decrease the actions of sodium and reduce hyperexcitability of nerve cells in the brain |
| Common adverse effects hydantoin (Dilantin) | GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA, BRADYCARDIA, postural imbalance, hirsutism |
| Gingival hyperplasia | Overgrowth of the gum tissue, indicator for using hydantoin (Dilantin) |
| Adverse effects Carbamazepine (Tegretol) | LIVER DISTURBANCES AND BONE MARROW DEPRESSION, Nausea, drowsiness, dizziness, and diplopia; less frequently |
| Valproic acid(Depakene) mechanism of action | GABA is a brain slower and barbiturate increase the action of GABA, slower activity |
| Indications for Valproic acid (Depakene) | Absence and myoclonic seizures |
| Most serious effect of Valproic acid (Depakene) | Hepatotoxicity, Severely toxic to the liver. Less sedation (clients are more functional) |
| Succinimides | Ethosuximide (Zarontin) |
| Indication for Succinimides (Zarontin) | Absence seizures or petit mal |
| Adverse effects of Succinimides (Zarontin) | GI disturbances, drowsiness, dizziness, and less frequently blood disorders |
| Oxazolindindione | Trimethadione (Tridione), Very limited used |
| Indication for Oxazolindindione (Tridione) | Absence seizures |
| Adverse effects for Oxazolindindione (Tridione) | LIVER AND KIDNEY DAMAGE, Sedation, rash, visual disturbance |
| Benzodiazepine | Diazepam (Valium), Clonazepam (Klonopin) |
| Mechanism of Benzodiazepine | Increase the effects of GABA |
| Route for Benzodiazepine | IV or IM to stop seizures, orally in the tx of myoclonic, akinetic, and absence seizures |
| Adverse effects for Benzodiazepine | Sedation, dizziness, rash, and minor GI disturbances |
| What is the problem with Parkinsons | Not enough dopamine, which is a neurotransmitter |
| Tx of Parkinson | Increase the level of dopamine |
| Levodopa | Taken orally can be converted to dopamine in basal ganglia, dopamine agonist |
| Sinemet | combination of levodopa and carbidopa to increase the amount of dopamine that enters the brain |
| Eldepryl | Parkinson drug used at an early stage |
| All the drugs | Luminal#BARBITURATE Dilantin#HYDANTOIN Tegretol#CARBAMAZEPINE Depakene#VALPROIC ACID Zarontin#SUCCINIMIDE Tridione#OXAZOLIDINEDIONE Diazepam, Valium#BENZODIAZEPINE Klonopin#BENZODIAZEPINE |
Created by:
fausfez
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