GC Chapter 18 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
This system regulates function with chemical messengers to manage functions long term | Endocrine System |
Specific cells that contain receptors for specific hormones | target cells |
chemical messengers that are released into in one tissue and transported in the blood to alter activities of specific tissues | hormones |
hormones that are small molecules that are structurally related to amino acids | Amino acid derivitives, like t4 and catecholamines like epinephrine, melatonin |
chains of amino acids that begin as prohormones until they are secreted | Peptide hormones, glycoproteins such as TSH, LH, FSH and short polypeptides like ADH, OXT, GH, PRL |
steroid and eicosanoids | Lipid derivitives, such as Leukotrienes, prostaglandins, androgens, corticosteroids, calitriol |
Hormones that circulate freely | Free hormones |
Hormones that circulate with use of transport proteins | Bound hormones, like thyroid and steroid hormones |
a hormone bound to a cell | first messenger |
acts as an enzyme activator, inhibitor or coenzyme | second messenger |
C amp, G amp and ca ions | second messengers |
when binding of hormone to membrane receptor causes thousands of second messengers inside the cell | Amplification |
process by which there are decreased number of hormone receptors when levels are high, and decrease sensitivity of receptors | Down regulation |
absence of a hormone increases the amount of receptors along with increasing sensitivity | Up regulation |
hypothalamic hormone release is controlled by this mechanism | negative feedback |
This reflex regulates hormone secretion by the heart pancreas parathyroid gland, and digestive tract | Simple endocrine reflexes |
this reflex utilizes 2+ hormones and more intermediary steps | Complex endocrine relex |
adenohypophysis | anterior pituitary |
neurohypophysis | posterior pituitary |
portion of the hypophyseal portal system where hypothalamic neurons release regulatory factors into interstitual fluid | median eminence |
function of the hypophyseal portal system | to ensure regulatory factors reach intended target cells before entering general circulation |
hypothalamic regulatory hormone that stimulate synthesis of and secretion of one or more hormones of the adenohypophysis | Releasing hormones |
hypothalamic regulatory hormone that prevent synthesis of and secretion of hormones of the adenohypophysis | Inhibiting hormones |
Hormones made in the hypothalamus but secreted by the pituitary gland | oxytocin, ADH |
Hormones secreted by the hypothalamus to influence the pituitary | Releasing hormones |
Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary following secretion of releasing hormone | TSH ACTH, LH, FSH |
Effect of thyroid hormones that causes the cell to consume more energy causing heat generation | Calorigenic effect |
Thyroid hormones are bound in blood by globulins for this purpose | creating reserves |
secreted by C cells in the thyroid to lower ca in blood | calcitonin |
Role of PTH | antagonist for calcitonin |
function of this is to store lipids, like cholesterol and fatty acids, make corticosteroids | adrenal cortex |
Secretion of Aldosterone in Glomerulosa is stimulated by | drop in BP and Blood Volume |
Secretion of glucocorticoids in the Fasciculata is regulated by | negative feedback, inhibiting ACTH and CRH |
Secretion of Androgens in Reticularis is stimulated by | ACTH |
exocrine portions of the pancreas secrete | digestive enzymes and buffers |
Alpha cells of the isle of langerhans secrete | Glucagon |
Beta cells of the isle of langerhans secrete | insulin |
when glucose appears in the urine, increasing urine volume in DM | polyuria |
secreted by the kidneys, increases absorbtion of ca and phosphorus in the digestive tract | Calcitriol |
secreted by the kidney, used to turn angiotensin I into angiotensin II to increase BP | Renin |
secreted by the kidneys, increases production of RBCs in bones, useful during hypoxia | erythropoeitin |
secreted by nurse cells in the testes to support differentiation and maturation of sperm cells | inhibin |
after ovulation formation of corpus luteum cause release of | estrogen progestins from the follicles |
PTH and calcitonin have this effect | antagonist |
GH and glucocorticoids have this effect | synergistic |
estradiol and progesterone have this effect | permissive, estradiol makes progesterone |
GNRH pulse generator, estradiol and progesterone feedback have this effect | ingegrative, to allow ovulatory cycle |
Fight or flight phase of GAS | Alarm phase |
phase of GAS in which metabolism is upticked, water and electrolytes are conserved, mobilization of energy reserves | Resistance phase |
phase of GAS in which systems fail, results in starvation | Exhaustion phase |
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