oxygen needs Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Question | Answer |
upper respiratory system | pharynx, larynx, trachea |
lower respiratory system | lungs, bronchi branching throughout lungs |
3 functions of the respiratory system | gas exchange, fluid balance, acid-base balance (pH) |
phases of oxygen needs | ventilation, diffusion, perfussion |
4 requirements essential for adequate ventilation | adequate atmospheric oxygen, clear air passages, adequate stretch ability and recoil, intact CNS center |
RBC normal blood values | men= 4.2-5.4 million/mm3 women=3.6-5 million/mm3 |
Hct normal blood values | men= 40-54% women=37-50% |
Hgb normal blood values | men= 14-16 gm/dl women= 12-15 gm/dl |
highly responsive to inc. in blood CO2 | medulla oblongata |
hypoxia | O2 dec. in cells/body |
hypoxia can be related to what parts of respiration | ventilation, diffusion, transport of gases by blood |
early manifestations of hypoxia | restlessness, anxiety, tachycardia, tachypnea |
late manifestations of hypoxia | bradycardia, extreme restlessness, dyspnea, cyanosis |
chronic hypoxia | fatigue, clubbing of fingernails |
how to get a sample of sputum | have patient cough from deep lungs into sterile container hydrate patient before and take deep breaths |
hand held nebulizer | aerosol mist, mobilization and expectoration of thick secretions, inc. perfusion ration, treatment of post-op atelectasis and hypostatic pneumonia |
altered breathing pattern | loss of adequate ventilation due to altered breathing patterns |
nursing order of ineffective breathing patterns r/t anxiety AMB tachypnea, resp30/min | stay calm, give short clear directions, orthopneic position, breath into paper bag |
what is the rational for the orthopneic position | maximize lung expansion |
inspirometer | measure amount of inspiration |
assessments prior to and during oxygen therapy | assess VS, breathing, airway, circulation |
reasons for oxygen therapy | low O2 in blood and air, trauma, blood loss, ischemic tissues |
pulse ox | measures oxygen saturation of hemoglobin. should be 92% and over |
arterial blood gases | measurements obtained to assess adequacy of oxygenation and ventilation, evaluate acid-base balance and to monitor effectiveness of therapy |
oxygen is a drug that is... | regulated, humidified, and signs are posted for caution |
nursing responsibilities for oxygen | patient body image changes, compliances, dryness and discomfort |
nasal cannula maximum O2 % and liter flow | 24-44% 1-6L |
simple face mask maximum O2 % and liter flow | 40-60% 5-10L |
venturi mask maximum O2 % and liter flow | 24-60% 4-12L |
nursing action for patient with venturi mask | ensure correct mask to meet doctors order, order needs to specify the fraction of inspired oxygen desired NOT the liter flow |
non-rebreather mask maximum O2 % and liter flow | 60-100% 6-15L |
non-rebreather mask is used for... | short term (1-2 days), delivers highest concentration possible |
complications of oxygen therapy | respiratory and circulatory depression, atelectasis, trachea-bronchitis, oxygen toxicity |
activity intolerance | state which patient experiences an inability, physiologically and psychologically, to tolerate activity |
most activity intolerance is r/t... | generalized weakness and debilitation secondary to acute or chronic illness and disease |
defining characteristics for altered response to activity | dyspnea, shortness of breath, abnormal HR and BP response to activity, failure for VS to return to resting rate after 3minutes, weakness, fatigue |
risk factors for peripheral vascular disease: Arterial | obesity, smoking, stress, family history |
chronic arterial peripheral vascular disease | atherosclerotic plaque which can lead to amputation, gangrene foot and poor healing |
acute arterial peripheral vascular disease | occlusive or complete obstruction > clot formed in arterial system |
arteries | distribute oxygenated blood to body |
arterioles | smaller arteries>these go to capillaries |
capillaries | smallest vessels, connector between arterioles and venules |
venule | smallest of veins>then turn into veins and carry blood back to heart |
vein valves | prevented backward flow of blood |
acute venous peripheral vascular disease | thrombus, thrombophlebitis |
chronic venous peripheral vascular disease | incompetent valves, stasis ulcers, varicose veins |
arterial assessment | pain, cold temp., pallor, absent pulse, paresthesia |
pitting edema +3 | deep pit, puffy appearance |
pitting edema +4 | deep pit, trankly swollen |
5 methods of heat transfer | conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation, diathermy |
body's control of heat and cold | hypothalamus, ANS |
local application of heat... | inc. blood flow, dec. blood viscosity, inc. capillary permeability, perspiration, dec. venous congestion, inc. tissue metabolism, dec. muscle tension |
local application of cold... | dec. skin sensation, blood flow, capillary permeability, lymph flow, metabolic needs, and inc. muscle tension, blood viscosity |
factors which will modify both local and systemic application of heat and cold | integrity of skin, ability to feel, diabetes, scar, peripheral vascular disease, LOC, spinal cord injury, malignancy |
Hypoxia occurs if... | the amount of oxygen delivered to tissues is too low |
primary functions of the heart | deliver deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation and oxygen and nutrients to the tissues |
The nursing history includes information about the patient’s... | cough, dyspnea, fatigue, wheezing, chest pain, environmental exposures, respiratory infection, cardiopulmonary risk factors, and use of medications |
Nursing assessment include | respiratory pattern, thoracic inspection, palpation, and auscultation for deviations from normal |
what completes the database for a patient with decreased oxygenation | Diagnostic and laboratory tests |
Health promotion include | vaccinations against flu and pneumonia, exercise programs, nutrition support, smoking cessation, and environmental assessment for pollutants and air quality |
Airway maintenance requires mobilization of secretions by... | increased fluid intake, humidification, or nebulization |
Breathing exercises improve... | ventilation, oxygenation, and sensations of dyspnea |
Chest physiotherapy include | postural drainage, percussion, and vibration to mobilize pulmonary secretions |
Promotion of lung expansion can be achieved by... | mobility, positioning, incentive spirometry, and chest tube insertion |
Nasal cannulas and oxygen masks deliver oxygen therapy, which improve... | tissue oxygenation |
what actions benefit patients with chronic pulmonary diseases | breathing exercises such as pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing |
why does hypoxia occur | decreased circulating blood volume, which leads to decreased oxygen to muscles, causing fatigue, decreased activity tolerance, and a feeling of shortness of breath |
Decreased effective contraction of left side of heart leads to | back up of fluid in the lungs, increasing hydrostatic pressure and causing pulmonary edema, resulting in crackles in lung bases |
what happens when the lung collapses? | the thoracic space fills with air on each inspiration, and the atmospheric air irritates the parietal pleura, causing pain |
an incentive spirometer is used to | encourage deep breathing to inflate alveoli and open pores of Kohn |
A nasal cannula delivers | precise, high-flow rates of oxygen |
atelectasis | collapse of alveoli ta prevents normal exchange of O2 and CO2 |
patient with COPD lose... | elastic recoil of the lungs and thorax |
surfactant | chemical produced in the lungs to maintain surface tension of alveoli and keep them from collapsing |
hypoventilation | occurs when alveolar ventilation is inadequate to meet O2 demand of the body or eliminate sufficient CO2 |
patients with COPD the administration of excessive oxygen results in... | hypoventilation |
S&S of hypoventilation | mental status changes, dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest |
hyperventilation | ventilation which lungs remove CO2 faster than it is produced by cellular metabolism |
myocardial ischemia | results when supply of blood to myocardium from coronary arteries is insufficient to meet myocardial oxygen demands |
impaired gas exchange r/t dec. lung expansion AMB... | confusion, fatigue, restlessness, dyspnea, pallor, cyanosis, tachypnea |
humidification | process of adding water to gas. keeps air moist and loosens and mobilizes pulmonary secretions |
incentive spirometry | promotes deep breathing and prevents or treats atelectasis in the postoperative patient |
pneumothorax | collection of air in pleural space as a result of chest trauma |
Created by:
kamia2010
Popular Nursing sets