Biology 11 7-8-9 Test
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| A. the diversification of a common ancestral species into a variety of differently adapted speciesB. the idea that the organisms that are the fittest leave the most offspring, so those organisms win the struggle for survival; phrase coined by John SpencerC. the idea that catastrophes such as floods, diseases, and droughts periodically destroyed species living in a particular region, allowing species from neighbouring regions to repopulate the areaD. the change in frequencies of alleles due to chance events in a breeding populationE. the ability of an organism to produce viable offspring capable of surviving to the next generationF. Charles Lyell’s theory (based on Hutton’s theory) that geological processes operated at the same rates in the past as they do todayG. the remains and traces of past life that are found in sedimentary rock; it reveals the history of life on Earth and the kinds of organisms that were alive in the pastH. natural selection for mating based, in general, on competition between males and choices made by femalesI. a barrier that either impedes mating between species or prevents fertilization of the eggs if individuals from different species attempt to mate; also called pre-fertilization barrierJ. mating among individuals on the basis of mate selection for a particular phenotype or due to inbreedingK. selective pressure exerted by humans on populations in order to improve or modify particular desirable traitsL. in science a theory is a set of principles that explain and predict phenomena. All theories in science are based on an immense amount of observed evidenceM. a theory explaining how life has changed, and continues to change, during Earth’s historyN. the use of technology and organisms to produce useful productsO. natural selection that favours the extremes of a range of phenotypes rather than intermediate phenotypes; this type of selection can result in the elimination of intermediate phenotypesP. environmental conditions that select for certain characteristics of individuals and select against other characteristicsQ. the study of early, pre-birth stages of an organism’s developmentR. a structural adaptation in which a harmless species resembles a harmful species in coloration or structureS. a permanent change in the genetic material of an organism; the only source of new genetic variationT. the idea that characteristics acquired during an organism’s lifetime can be passed on to its offspring |
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