Pharmacology Ch 7 & 8
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| Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with tissue damage | Pain
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| unrelieved/undertreated pain is common but avoidable health problem | Fifth vital sign
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| Pain that has a sudden onset, and identifiable cause, and a limited duration | Acute pain
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| the psychologic need or craving for the high feeling that results from using opioids when pain is not present | Addiction
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| drugs that provide pain relief by either changing the perception of pain or reducing its source | Analgesics
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| drugs used to treat allergies and allergic reactions | Antihistamines
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| drugs that depress the CNS and induce sleep by binding with gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors | benzodiazepine receptor agonists
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| a class of psychotropic drugs with hypnotic and sedative effects used mainly as tranquilizers to control symptoms of anxiety or stress and as sleeping aids for insomnia | benzodiazepines
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| pain that has a lone duration, may not have an identifiable cause | Chronic pain
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| a drug containing ingredients known to be addictive that is regulated by the federal controlled substances act of 1970 | controlled substance
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| physical changes in autonomic nervous system function that can occur when opioids are used long term | dependence
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| inability to go to sleep or to remain asleep throughout the night | insomnia
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| a sleep problem with sudden, uncontrollable urges to sleep, causing a person to fall asleep at inappropriate times | Narcolepsy
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| free sensory nerve endings that, when activated, trigger a message sent to the brain that allows the perception of pain | Nociceptors
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| a drug that reduces a person's perception of pain | nonopioid analgesic
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| a drug containing any ingredient derived from the poppy plant that changes a person's perception of pain and has potential for psychologic or physical dependence | opioid analgesic
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| the smallest amount of tissue damage that must be present before a person is even aware that they are in pain | Pain threshold
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| a person's ability to endure pain intensity | Pain tolerance
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| drugs that promote sleep by targeting signals in the brain to produce calm and ease agitation | Sedatives
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| a natural and necessary periodic state of rest for the mind and body | Sleep
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| a shortage of quality, undisturbed sleep with detrimental effects on physical and mental well being | Sleep deprivation
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| has both unique features and features in common with acute and chronic pain | Cancer pain
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| the agency with the responsibility for enforcing the distribution of controlled substances in the US is the | Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
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| Classification of controlled substances schedule one | high potential for abuse
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| classification of controlled substances schedule five | low potential for abuse
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| opioid analgesics are also called | Narcotics
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| pain intensity using appropriate pain scale, and when was the last dose given | when administering analgesic drugs always check this before you give the med
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| when administering analgesic drugs what should you check after giving the med | the amount of pain 30 minutes, then hourly
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| patient teaching when administering a analgesic drug | instruct how to achieve best pain relief
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| bind to opioid receptors sites in brain and alter the perception of pain | Opoiods
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| constipation, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, and dizziness | side effects of opioids
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| respiratory depression, addiction, dependence, tolerance, and withdrawl | Adverse side effects to opioids
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| what should you check before administering opioids | RR O2 dose and drug name
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| what should you check after administering opioids | RR and O2 at least hourly, bowel pattern
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| what should you teach your patients about taking opioids | take with food, do not drive, change positions slowly, and increase fluids and activity
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| life span considerations in children while giving opioids | dosage based on weight,age, health, and pain severity
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| Life span considerations for mothers while taking opioids | newborn addiction can occur, avoid breast feeding if taking opioids
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| life span consideration in older adults while taking opioids | pain often undertreated, visual impairment, risk for falls, and avoid demoral
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| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | NSAIDs
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| suppress part of the inflammatory pathway | NSAIDs
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| reduce clotting, headache, irritation of GI tract, reduce blood flow to kidney | Side effects of NSAIDs
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| induction of asthma and salicylate poisoning | adverse effects of NSAIDs
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| check previous problems with NSAIDs, including OTCs, give after meals with full glass of water or milk, blood pressure | Things to check before administering NSAIDs
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| bleeding, even with one dose, and sensitivity reaction | things to check after administering NSAIDs
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| do not take on an empty stomach, monitor for bleeding, and do not take with warfarin(coumadin) | patient teaching for NSAIDs
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| only ibuprofen is recommended and avoid aspirin | Life span considerations in children while taking NSAIDs
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| category C drug for first six months and avoid during last three months of pregnancy | Life span considerations in mothers while taking NSAIDs
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| cardiac problems | life span consideration in adults while taking NSAIDs
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| effective for pain relief, commonly combined with other drugs, toxic when taken at high doses, too often, or with alcohol, risk for permanent liver or kidney damage | Acetaminophen
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| toxic to liver and kidneys at high doses, must calculate doses accurately, and parents must read labels to determine strength | pediatric consideration while taking acetaminophen
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| reduce some types of chronic and cancer pain | Antidepressants
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| constipation, dry mouth, urinary retention, sweating, sexual dysfunction, intraocular pressure | side effects of antidepressants
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| not recommend except for cancer pain, suicidal behavior | life span considerations for antidepressants in children
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| categories B and C, benefit must outweigh the risk, avoid breastfeeding | life span considerations for antidepressants in pregnant mothers
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| heart problems, worsen urinary problems, and worsen glaucoma | life span considerations for antidepressants in older adults
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| anticonvulsants reduce some types of pain | neuropathic pain, and migraines
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| Gabapentin(Neurontin) and Pregabalin (lyrica) | common anticonculsant drugs
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| drowsiness, confusion, blurred vision, clumsiness, muscle aches, and weakness | side effects of anticonvulsants
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| most common sleep problem | insomnia
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| benzodiazepines, antihistamines, and sedating antidepressants | Sedatives
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| cause general depression of CNS, or drowsiness and mild sedation | drugs for insomnia
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| increased attention span, motor activity, and mental alertness during waking hours | intended response of drugs for narcolepsy
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| seizures, abnormal heart rhythm and chest pain | adverse effects of drugs for narcolepsy
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| methylphenidate can slow growth (height and weight) | life span considerations in children of drugs for nacrolepsy
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| normal reactions of tissues in response to injury or invasion | inflammation
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| invading microorganism disturb normal environment and cause harm | Infection
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| warm, redness, swelling, and pain | s/s of inflammation
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| stage 1 of inflammation | vascular: vessels dilate
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| stage 2 of inflammation | Exudate
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| stage 3 of inflammation | tissue repair
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| prevent or limit tissue and blood vessel response to injury or invasion | Anti-inflammatory drugs
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| prevent inflammation by slowing or stopping all known pathways of inflammatory | Corticosteriods
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| short term therapy-hypertension, acne, insomnia, and nervousness | side effects of corticosteriods
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| long term therapy- adrenal gland suppression, reduced immune function, delayed wound healing, and cushingoid appearance | side effects of corticosteriods
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| prevent inflammation by slowing the production of one or more inflammatory mediators | NSAIDs
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| bleeding, GI ulcers, GI pain, fluid retention, and hypertension | side effects of NSAIDs
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| possible kidney damage, induction of asthma and allergic reactions | adverse effects of NSAIDs
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| reduce inflammation by preventing inflammatory midiator from binding to its receptor | Histamine
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| seasonal allergies, reduce swelling of oral, nasal, eye, and mucus membranes | Leukotriene inhibitors
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| morphine, hydromorphone, meperidine, codeine, fentanyl, and tramadol | Common opioids
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| morphine | Morphine sulfate
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| hydromorphone | Dilaudid
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| meperidine | Demoral
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| oxycodone | Oxycontin, Oxyfast
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| oxycodone with acetaminophen | Percocet, Tylox
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| oxycodone with aspirin | Oxycodan, Percodan
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| hydrocodone with acetaminophen | Dolacet, Vicodin
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| salicylic acid, propionic acid, acetic acid and cox 2 | common NSAIDs
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| salicylic acid | aspirin
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| propionic acid | ibprofen
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| acetic acid | ketorolac
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| cox 2 | Celebrex
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| ambien, sonata, flurazepam, temazepam | common drugs for insomnia
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| zolpidem | Ambien
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| zaleplon | Sonata
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| flurazepam | Dalmane
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| quazepam | Doral
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| estazolam | ProSom
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| temazepam | Restoril
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| Ritalin, Provigil, and Xyrem | drugs for narcolepsy
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| methylphenidate | Ritalin
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| modafinil | Provigil
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| sodium oxybate | Xyrem
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