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VNSG 1231 Exam 2
Pharmacology Ch 7 & 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with tissue damage | Pain |
| unrelieved/undertreated pain is common but avoidable health problem | Fifth vital sign |
| Pain that has a sudden onset, and identifiable cause, and a limited duration | Acute pain |
| the psychologic need or craving for the high feeling that results from using opioids when pain is not present | Addiction |
| drugs that provide pain relief by either changing the perception of pain or reducing its source | Analgesics |
| drugs used to treat allergies and allergic reactions | Antihistamines |
| drugs that depress the CNS and induce sleep by binding with gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors | benzodiazepine receptor agonists |
| a class of psychotropic drugs with hypnotic and sedative effects used mainly as tranquilizers to control symptoms of anxiety or stress and as sleeping aids for insomnia | benzodiazepines |
| pain that has a lone duration, may not have an identifiable cause | Chronic pain |
| a drug containing ingredients known to be addictive that is regulated by the federal controlled substances act of 1970 | controlled substance |
| physical changes in autonomic nervous system function that can occur when opioids are used long term | dependence |
| inability to go to sleep or to remain asleep throughout the night | insomnia |
| a sleep problem with sudden, uncontrollable urges to sleep, causing a person to fall asleep at inappropriate times | Narcolepsy |
| free sensory nerve endings that, when activated, trigger a message sent to the brain that allows the perception of pain | Nociceptors |
| a drug that reduces a person's perception of pain | nonopioid analgesic |
| a drug containing any ingredient derived from the poppy plant that changes a person's perception of pain and has potential for psychologic or physical dependence | opioid analgesic |
| the smallest amount of tissue damage that must be present before a person is even aware that they are in pain | Pain threshold |
| a person's ability to endure pain intensity | Pain tolerance |
| drugs that promote sleep by targeting signals in the brain to produce calm and ease agitation | Sedatives |
| a natural and necessary periodic state of rest for the mind and body | Sleep |
| a shortage of quality, undisturbed sleep with detrimental effects on physical and mental well being | Sleep deprivation |
| has both unique features and features in common with acute and chronic pain | Cancer pain |
| the agency with the responsibility for enforcing the distribution of controlled substances in the US is the | Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) |
| Classification of controlled substances schedule one | high potential for abuse |
| classification of controlled substances schedule five | low potential for abuse |
| opioid analgesics are also called | Narcotics |
| pain intensity using appropriate pain scale, and when was the last dose given | when administering analgesic drugs always check this before you give the med |
| when administering analgesic drugs what should you check after giving the med | the amount of pain 30 minutes, then hourly |
| patient teaching when administering a analgesic drug | instruct how to achieve best pain relief |
| bind to opioid receptors sites in brain and alter the perception of pain | Opoiods |
| constipation, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, and dizziness | side effects of opioids |
| respiratory depression, addiction, dependence, tolerance, and withdrawl | Adverse side effects to opioids |
| what should you check before administering opioids | RR O2 dose and drug name |
| what should you check after administering opioids | RR and O2 at least hourly, bowel pattern |
| what should you teach your patients about taking opioids | take with food, do not drive, change positions slowly, and increase fluids and activity |
| life span considerations in children while giving opioids | dosage based on weight,age, health, and pain severity |
| Life span considerations for mothers while taking opioids | newborn addiction can occur, avoid breast feeding if taking opioids |
| life span consideration in older adults while taking opioids | pain often undertreated, visual impairment, risk for falls, and avoid demoral |
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | NSAIDs |
| suppress part of the inflammatory pathway | NSAIDs |
| reduce clotting, headache, irritation of GI tract, reduce blood flow to kidney | Side effects of NSAIDs |
| induction of asthma and salicylate poisoning | adverse effects of NSAIDs |
| check previous problems with NSAIDs, including OTCs, give after meals with full glass of water or milk, blood pressure | Things to check before administering NSAIDs |
| bleeding, even with one dose, and sensitivity reaction | things to check after administering NSAIDs |
| do not take on an empty stomach, monitor for bleeding, and do not take with warfarin(coumadin) | patient teaching for NSAIDs |
| only ibuprofen is recommended and avoid aspirin | Life span considerations in children while taking NSAIDs |
| category C drug for first six months and avoid during last three months of pregnancy | Life span considerations in mothers while taking NSAIDs |
| cardiac problems | life span consideration in adults while taking NSAIDs |
| effective for pain relief, commonly combined with other drugs, toxic when taken at high doses, too often, or with alcohol, risk for permanent liver or kidney damage | Acetaminophen |
| toxic to liver and kidneys at high doses, must calculate doses accurately, and parents must read labels to determine strength | pediatric consideration while taking acetaminophen |
| reduce some types of chronic and cancer pain | Antidepressants |
| constipation, dry mouth, urinary retention, sweating, sexual dysfunction, intraocular pressure | side effects of antidepressants |
| not recommend except for cancer pain, suicidal behavior | life span considerations for antidepressants in children |
| categories B and C, benefit must outweigh the risk, avoid breastfeeding | life span considerations for antidepressants in pregnant mothers |
| heart problems, worsen urinary problems, and worsen glaucoma | life span considerations for antidepressants in older adults |
| anticonvulsants reduce some types of pain | neuropathic pain, and migraines |
| Gabapentin(Neurontin) and Pregabalin (lyrica) | common anticonculsant drugs |
| drowsiness, confusion, blurred vision, clumsiness, muscle aches, and weakness | side effects of anticonvulsants |
| most common sleep problem | insomnia |
| benzodiazepines, antihistamines, and sedating antidepressants | Sedatives |
| cause general depression of CNS, or drowsiness and mild sedation | drugs for insomnia |
| increased attention span, motor activity, and mental alertness during waking hours | intended response of drugs for narcolepsy |
| seizures, abnormal heart rhythm and chest pain | adverse effects of drugs for narcolepsy |
| methylphenidate can slow growth (height and weight) | life span considerations in children of drugs for nacrolepsy |
| normal reactions of tissues in response to injury or invasion | inflammation |
| invading microorganism disturb normal environment and cause harm | Infection |
| warm, redness, swelling, and pain | s/s of inflammation |
| stage 1 of inflammation | vascular: vessels dilate |
| stage 2 of inflammation | Exudate |
| stage 3 of inflammation | tissue repair |
| prevent or limit tissue and blood vessel response to injury or invasion | Anti-inflammatory drugs |
| prevent inflammation by slowing or stopping all known pathways of inflammatory | Corticosteriods |
| short term therapy-hypertension, acne, insomnia, and nervousness | side effects of corticosteriods |
| long term therapy- adrenal gland suppression, reduced immune function, delayed wound healing, and cushingoid appearance | side effects of corticosteriods |
| prevent inflammation by slowing the production of one or more inflammatory mediators | NSAIDs |
| bleeding, GI ulcers, GI pain, fluid retention, and hypertension | side effects of NSAIDs |
| possible kidney damage, induction of asthma and allergic reactions | adverse effects of NSAIDs |
| reduce inflammation by preventing inflammatory midiator from binding to its receptor | Histamine |
| seasonal allergies, reduce swelling of oral, nasal, eye, and mucus membranes | Leukotriene inhibitors |
| morphine, hydromorphone, meperidine, codeine, fentanyl, and tramadol | Common opioids |
| morphine | Morphine sulfate |
| hydromorphone | Dilaudid |
| meperidine | Demoral |
| oxycodone | Oxycontin, Oxyfast |
| oxycodone with acetaminophen | Percocet, Tylox |
| oxycodone with aspirin | Oxycodan, Percodan |
| hydrocodone with acetaminophen | Dolacet, Vicodin |
| salicylic acid, propionic acid, acetic acid and cox 2 | common NSAIDs |
| salicylic acid | aspirin |
| propionic acid | ibprofen |
| acetic acid | ketorolac |
| cox 2 | Celebrex |
| ambien, sonata, flurazepam, temazepam | common drugs for insomnia |
| zolpidem | Ambien |
| zaleplon | Sonata |
| flurazepam | Dalmane |
| quazepam | Doral |
| estazolam | ProSom |
| temazepam | Restoril |
| Ritalin, Provigil, and Xyrem | drugs for narcolepsy |
| methylphenidate | Ritalin |
| modafinil | Provigil |
| sodium oxybate | Xyrem |
Created by:
nursekk
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