drug therapy during pregnancy and breast feeding
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| About 2/3 of pregnant women | take at least one medication
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| Medication Exposure in Pregnancy Risk Evaluation Program | 2009, FDA's new program to increase healthcare professionals' knowledge of drug risks during pregnancy
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| Pregnancy brings on the physiolgic changes in the | kidneys, liver and gastrointestinal tract(thus a compensatory change)
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| During pregnancy, the tone and motility of the bowel | decreases (allowing more drugs to be absorbed)
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| True of False: more time is available for reabsorption of drugs that undergo enterohepatic recirculation. Therefore the effects are prolonged | true
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| Essentially all drugs can | cross the placenta
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| The cliniciian should assume that | any drug taken will reach the fetus
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| lipid soluble drugs cross the placenta readily, while drugs that are _______ have more difficulty | ionized, polar, protein bound
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| teratogenesis | the development of birthdefects
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| Gross malformations | produced by exposure to teratogens during embryonic period
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| exposure during the fetal period usually | disrupts FUNCTION rater than gross anatomy
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| It is important to note that lack of proof of teratogenicity | does not mean that a drug is safe
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| in 1983, the FDA established a system for classifying drugs according to their probable risk categories: | ABCD and X (A is the least dangerous)
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| The new proposed system under FDA will have three sections: | 1.)Fetal risk summary, 2.) Clinical Considerations. 3.) Data
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| Fetal Risk Summary | will describe what is known about a drugs' effects on the fetus and will offer a conclusion on safety during pregancy
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| Clinical Considerations | describe the likely effects if a drug is taken before a woman knows that she is pregnant.
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| Data | will detail the evidence from human and animal studies that supports the information in the fetal risk summary
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| Any woman of reproductive age who takes a known teratogen must be | counseled about the risk and necessity of using at least one form of birth control
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| Drugs that are lipid soluble readily | enter breast milk
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| Drugs that do not enter breast milk are | ionized, polar, and protein bound
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| Although most drugs can de detected in milk | concentrations are usually too low to harm the nursing
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| Steps 1-3 taken to minimize the risk to the infant | 1.) dosing immediately AFTER feeding 2.) avoiding drugs that have a long half life 3.) avoiding sustained release formulations
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| Steps 4-7 taken to minimize the risk to infant | 4.) choosing drugs that tend to be excluded from milk 5.) choosing drugs that are least likely to effect infant 6.) avoiding hazardous 7.) using lowest EDfor shortest time
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